Table 2.
Summary of clinical features in patients with Parkinsonism and/or akinetic mutism following hydrocephalus treatment.
| Case | Author(s) | Age (yrs)/sex | Clinical syndrome | Hydrocephalus (HD) | Operation | Therapeutic drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levodopa | Others | ||||||
| 1–2 | Aidi et al. (27) | 36/M, 41/F | Akinetic mutism | Obstructive hd due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | — | Bromocriptine |
| 3 | Anderson (24) | 20/M | Akinetic mutism | Obstructive hd due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | — | Bromocriptine, Phedrine |
| 4 | Lin et al. (25) | 3/M | Akinetic mutism | Obstructive hd due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | — | Bromocriptine |
| 5 | Berger et al. (13) | 21/F | Akinetic mutism and Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Prolopa | Cogentin |
| 6 | Costa et al. (20) | 38/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS | Levodopa/ benserazide | Bromocriptine |
| 7–10 | Curran et al. (11) | 7/M, 16/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Sinemet | — |
| 21/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD secondary to pineal mass | VPS | Sinemet | — | ||
| 72/M | Parkinsonism | Normal pressure HD | VPS | Sinemet | — | ||
| 11 | Hashizume et al. (7) | 47/F | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS and ETV | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 12 | Kim et al. (1) | 46/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 13 | Kinugawa et al. (3) | 49M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS | Levodopa | Trihexyphenidyl |
| 14 | Moser et al. (26) | 21/M | Akinetic mutism | Obstructive hd due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | — | Bromocriptine, Metoprolol |
| 15, 16 | Ochiai et al. (15) | 59/M, 32/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD | Multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa | Bromocriptine, Amantadine |
| 17 | Okawa et al. (5) | 51/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS after the bleeding in the fourth ventricle surgery | VPS and ETV | Levodopa/ benserazide | — |
| 18 | Prashantha et al. (2) | 38/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 19 | Psarros et al. (28) | 26/F | Akinetic mutism | Bstructive hd due to cystic mass | Endoscopic exploration, cystresection, septostomy | — | Bromocriptine |
| 20 | Racette et al. (12) | 44/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 21 | Rebai et al. (23) | 12/F | Akinetic mutism and Parkinsonism | AS due totectal tumor | ETV failure and multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa | Bromocriptine |
| 22 | Sakurai et al. (16) | 46/F | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS | Levodopa | — |
| 23 | Shahar et al. (10) | 17/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Sinemet | — |
| 24 | Shpiner et al. (6) | 35/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS and multiple recalibrations, ETV | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 25 | Shpiner et al. (6) | 26/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to pineal tumor | Multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 26, 27 | Villamil et al. (21) | 42/F | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS and ETV | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 32/F | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor | VPS and multiple recalibrations, ETV | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — | ||
| 28 | Villamil et al. (21) | 20/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | — | Cabergoline, Amantadine |
| 29 | Watahiki et al. (22) | 39/M | Akinetic mutism and Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa | Bromocriptine, Trihexyphenidyl |
| 30 | Yomo et al. (17) | 64/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Levodopa/ carbidopa | — |
| 31, 32 | Zeidler et al. (18) | 57/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS and Torkildsen shunt | Sinemet | Bromocriptine |
| 21/F | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | Multiple shunt revisions | Madopar | — | ||
| 33 | Zhang et al. (14) | 44/M | Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS and antipsychotic drugs | Madopar | — |
| 34 | Zhou et al. (19) | 45/M | Parkinsonism | obstructive HD due to AS | VPS | Madopar | Pramipexole |
| 35 | Our case | 19/M | Akinetic mutism and Parkinsonism | Obstructive HD due to AS | VPS and multiple recalibrations | Madopar | Pramipexole |
Hydrocephalus, HD; ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, VPS; aqueduct stenosis, AS; endoscopic third ventriculostomy, ETV.