Table 3.
Effect sizes for general types outcomes: behaviors, attitudes, and person characteristics.
| Outcome | Samples | N | Hedges g | Standard error | 95% CI | Z -value | p | Q | I 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LL CI | UL CI | |||||||||
| Behavior | 12 | 565 | 0.73 | 0.16 | 0.42 | 1.07 | 4.53 | < 0.001 | 58.90*** | 81.32 |
| Attitudes | 12 | 1,793 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 6.61 | < 0.001 | 10.79 | 0.00 |
| Person characteristics | 16 | 830 | 0.52 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.65 | 7.88 | < 0.001 | 24.64 | 39.12 |
| Between types | ||||||||||
| Behavior vs. attitudes | 5.16** | |||||||||
| Behavior vs. person characteristics | 1.53 | |||||||||
| Attitudes vs. person characteristics | 4.20** | |||||||||
N, total sample size in k studies; LLCI, lower limit for the 95% confidence interval for g; ULCI, upper limit for the 95% confidence interval for g; Q, Cochran Q statistic.
I2, the proportion of total variation in the estimates of treatment effect that is due to heterogeneity between studies.
***
Indicates that between-study heterogeneity is significant (p < 0.001).
**
Indicates that between-study heterogeneity is significant (p < 0.05).