| αMEM | Minimum Essential Medium alpha |
| ACP | Acid phosphatase |
| adjP | Adjusted P |
| AEDs | Anti-epileptic drugs |
| AF | Atrial fibrillation |
| aHR | Adjusted hazards ratio |
| ANOVA | One-way analysis of variance |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| CAD | Coronary artery disease |
| CBZ | Carbamazepine |
| CHF | Congestive heart failure |
| CIs | Confidence intervals |
| CLZ | Clonazepam |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CVD | Cerebrovascular disease |
| DDD | Defined daily dose |
| DEGs | Differentially expressed genes |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| DMEM | Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium |
| DPP-4 | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 |
| FA | Fatty acid |
| GBP | Gabapentin |
| GK | Glycerol kinase |
| GLUT4 | Glucose transporter type 4 |
| GO | Gene Ontology |
| HCS | HiSeq Control Software |
| HRs | Hazard ratios |
| ICD-9-CM & ICD-10-CM | International Classification of Diseases Ninth & Tenth Revision Clinical Modification |
| IR | Insulin receptor |
| IRS | Insulin receptor substrate |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| LBD | Ligand-binding domain |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
| LGTD | Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database |
| MHW | Ministry of Health and Welfare |
| MSigDB | Molecular Signatures Database |
| NGS | Next-generation sequencing |
| NHI | National Health Institute |
| NHIRD | National Health Insurance Research Database |
| NR | Nuclear receptor |
| PB | Phenobarbital |
| PDB | Protein Data Bank |
| PE | Paired-end |
| PHE | Phenytoin |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinases |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| PPAR | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
| PPRE | Peroxisome proliferator response element |
| PYK | Pyruvate kinase |
| RXR | Retinoid X receptor |
| SE | Standard error |
| SGLT | Sodium-glucose cotransporter |
| siRNAs | Small interfering RNAs |
| T007 | T0070907 |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TZDs | Thiazolidinediones |
| VDCC | Voltage-gated calcium channels |
| VPA | Valproate |