Table 3.
Organisms used for the removal of harmful algal blooms (HABs) from their populations.
| Predatory bacteria | Mode of action | Major host | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus sp. | Cell-to-cell contact mechanism | Aphanizomenon Flosaquae | (Jeon et al., 2017) |
| Bacillus sp. | Production of extracellular product | M. aeruginosa | |
| Bacillus cereus | Secretion of cyanobacteriolytic | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| Bacillus sp. | Secretion of algalytic substance | Phaeocystis globosa | |
| Brachybacterium | Produce secondary metabolites | A. catenella | |
| Cytophaga | Direct contact | Microcystis aerugenosa | |
| F. flexilisi, F. sancti | Inhibition of glycolate dehydrogenase Electron transport & nitrogenase activity | Oscillatoria williamsii | |
| Bdellovibrio-like bacteria | Varese Penetration | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| M. fulvus | Entrapment | Phormidium luridum | |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Indirect attack by alga-lytic substances | Heterosigma akashiwo | |
| Halobacillus sp. | Bio-flocculation | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| Zoonplankton | |||
| Daphnia ambigua | Grazing | Microcystis aeruginosa | (Richards, 2019) |
| Daphnia hyaline | Grazing | Chlorella | |
| D. galeata | Grazing | Scenedesmus | |
| Cyclops sp. | |||
| Eudiaptomus gracilis | Grazing | Chlorella | |
| Eudiaptomus gracilis | Grazing | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| Cyclopoid copepods | Grazing |
Anabaena, Microcystis
and Planktothrix species |
|
| Algae | |||
| Ankistrodesmus falcatus | Bioflocculation | Chlorella vulgaris | (Jalgaonwala, 2020) |
| Scenedesmus obliquus | Bioflocculation | Chlorella vulgaris | |
| Tetraselmis suecica | Bioflocculation | Neochloris oleoabundans | |
| Poterioochromonas | Grazing | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| Fungi | |||
| Trichaptum abietinum | Direct attack | Microcystis aeruginosa & Microcystis flosaquae | (Sun et al., 2018) |
| Lopharia spadicea | Direct attack | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
|
Irpex lacteus,
Trametes hirsute Trametes versicolor &Bjerkandera adusta |
Direct attack | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| Cyanophage | |||
| SM-1 | Species-specific interaction | M. aeruginosa | (Xu et al., 2020a) |
| SM-2 | Species-specific interaction | M. aeruginosa | |
| Ma-LBP | Species-specific interaction | M. aeruginosa | |
| Cyanostyloviridae | Species-specific interaction | Lyngbya majuscule | |
| Ma-LMM01 | Species-specific interaction | M. aeruginosa | |
| S-PM2 | Species-specific interaction | Synechococcus | |
| MaMV-DC | Species-specific interaction | M. aeruginosa | |
| MaCV-L | Species-specific interaction | M. aeruginosa | |
| SAM-1 | Species-specific interaction | Broader host range | |
| Myoviridae | Species-specific interaction | M. aeruginosa | |
| Siphoviridae | Bursts and virus lytic cycle | C. raciborskii | |
| Ma-LEP | Mechanical stiffness | M. aeruginosa | |
| Fish | |||
| Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | Grazing | Microcystis aeruginosa | (Gu et al., 2021) |
| Aristichthys nobilis | Grazing | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| Hyriopsis cumingii | Ingestion and digestion | Microcystis aeruginosa | |
| Oreochromisni loticus | Ingestion and digestion | Microcystis aeruginosa | |