Table 6.
Global data for urinary OPFRs and OPFR metabolites in the general population under 18 years old.
| Region (country) | Reference | Age (years) | OPFRs | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCEP | BCIPP | BDCIPP | BBOEP | DNBP | DPHP | DBEP | TDCPP | TCEP | TBEP | TNBP | TPHP | |||
| Germany | Fromme et al. (27) | 1.8-6.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.20 | 0.80 | 2.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Norway | Cequier et al. (24) | NA | NA | NA | (0.20) | NA | NA | (0.57) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| U.S. | Butt et al. (22) | 1-5 | NA | NA | (5.60) | NA | NA | (3.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Norway | Cequier et al. (25) | NA | NA | NA | 0.23 | NA | NA | 1.10 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Australia | Van den Eede et al. (33) | 0-5 | NA | NA | (1.00) | (< 0.35) | (< 0.43) | (24.4) | NA | NA | 0.35 | NA | NA | NA |
| U.S. | Hoffman et al. (29) | 0-1.5 | NA | NA | (2.30) | NA | NA | (1.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| U.S. | Butt et al. (23) | 0-5.8 | NA | NA | 7.70 | NA | NA | 1.90 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| U.S. | Hoffman et al. (36) | 0-1.5 | NA | NA | (2.29) c | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| U.S. | Thomas et al. (32) | 1.3-1.5 | NA | NA | (6.81) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| U.S. | Ospina et al. (31) | 6.0-11 | (0.66) | (0.27) | (2.25) | NA | (0.27) | (1.69) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| South China | Chen et al. (26) | Jun-14 | (3.25) | (0.21) | (0.12) | (0.06) | (0.16) | (0.40) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| China | Zhang et al. (34) | 0-5 | 0.85 a | 0.69 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.27 | NA b | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Australia | He et al. (28) | 0-2.4 | < 0.017 | 1.5 | 7.8 | 0.22 | NA | 2.3 | NA | 0.056 | <0.054 | 1.1 | NA | NA |
| Japan | Bamai et al. (20) | 7 | NA | (0.007) | (0.3) | (0.25) | (0.071) | (0.67) | NA | NA | (0.05) | NA | NA | NA |
| Japan | Bastiaensen et al. (21) | 7-12 | NA | (0.28) | (0.12) | (0.34) | (0.05) | (0.51) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Taiwan | The present study | Newborn | (0.705) | NA | (0.053) | NA | (0.04) | (0.395) | (0.406) | (0.009) | 1.13 | 0.424 | 0.043 | 0.047 |
| Taiwan | The present study | 1~5 | (0.680) | NA | (0.279) | NA | 90.00158) | (0.628) | (0.469) | (0.0421) | 0.273 | 0.573 | 0.0359 | 0.0189 |
| Taiwan | The present study | 6~10 | (0.293) | NA | (0.165) | NA | (0.00333) | (0.461) | (0.182) | (0.0193) | 0.303 | 0.221 | 0.0276 | 0.011 |
| Taiwan | The present study | 11~18 | (0.517) | NA | (0.514) | NA | < LOD | (0.585) | (0.149) | (0.045) | 0.203 | 0.251 | 0.0368 | 0.0355 |
a
Median.
b
Not available or not analysed.
c
Numbers in parentheses are the means.