TABLE 2.

List of plant: species with major constituent and main biological effects

plant name	Major constituent(s)	Main effect(s)	Ref.
Achillea biebersteinii	Chlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, cynarin, quinic acid, kaempferol, jaceidin, axillarin, kaempferol	Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity, SPF (5%, 11.67)	[15]
Achillea millefoliumyarrow	Quinic acid, 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), 3‐CQA, 4‐CQA, axillarin, jacedin, kaempferol and cynarin	Antioxidant activity, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity, SPF (5%, 14.04)	[15]
Aloe vera	Aloe gel nanoparticles–chitosan	UV‐protection factor (UPF) on coated fabrics (52.1, 57.2)	[16]
Amaranthus viridis	n.r.	UPF (ultraviolet protection factor)↑	[17]
Angelica pubescens	Osthole, eugenol, α‐bisabolol	Anti‐inflammatory, anti‐UV‐B radiation, skin lesions↓, epidermal hyperplasia↓	[18]
Aporosa lindleyana	n.r.	Antioxidant activity, UV absorber, SPF (21.4)	[19]
Argyreia populifolia	n.r.	Antioxidant activity, UV absorber, SPF (12.5)	[19]
Atalantia ceylanica	n.r.	Antioxidant activity, UV absorber, SPF (26.8)	[19]
Baccharis antioquensis	Total phenolic, monomeric anthocyanin pigment	UV absorber, Antioxidant activity, SPF (4.73), Photostability, UVA–UVB absorption coefficient	[20, 21]
Blackberry, raspberry	n.r.	Antioxidant activity, SPF (54.57 to blackberry and 37.32 to raspberry)	[22]
Calamagrostis effusa	Total phenolic, monomeric anthocyanin pigment	UV absorber, Antioxidant activity; UVA–UVB absorption coefficient	[20]
Calea fruticosa	Apigenin‐4′,7‐dimethyl ether, budlein A, quercetin, and cichoriin	Antiproliferative and photoprotective activities; SPF (13.79)	[23]
Castilleja fissifolia	Total phenolic, monomeric anthocyanin pigment	UV absorber, Antioxidant activity; UVA–UVB absorption coefficient	[20]
Charthamus tinctorius L.	Acacetin	Inhibit UVB‐induced MMP‐1 protein expression	[24]
Campomanesia	Myritrine, myricetin, cardamonin, stictane‐3,22‐diol valonic acid, gallic acid, myricitrin, rutin, quercetin pentose, quercetin deox‐yhexoside, quinic acid	UV absorber, SPF (5.58), photoprotective	[25]
Coffea arabica	Total phenolics	Against UV‐B, MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, ROS, photo‐protective activity, Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity, antioxidant, SPF (liposome/PHB) particles, 15.13)	[26, 27]
Dalbergia ecastaphyllum	Caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, naringin, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, rutin, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, β‐resorcylic acid	Antioxidant, Tyrosinase inhibitory activity, SPF (~45)	[28]
Dirmophandra mollis Benth	Caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, naringin, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, rutin, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, β‐resorcylic acid	Antioxidant, SPF (4.96)	[29]
Disterigma alaternoides	Quercetin, rutin	Antiradical capacity; Antioxidant activity; UVA‐UVB absorption coefficient	[21]
Drimys granadensis	Quercetin, rutin	Antiradical capacity, Antioxidant activity, UVA‐UVB absorption coefficient	[21]
Elaeagnus angustifolia	n.r.	8%SPF 21.05	[30]
Erlangea tomentosa	n.r.	Antioxidant, SPF (16.64)	[31]
Ginkgo biloba L.	Quercetin;rutin	SPF (7.06), Antioxidant	[29]
Helianthus annuus L. cv	n.r.	Anti‐UVA	[32]
Hesperomeles ferruginea	Total phenolic, monomeric anthocyanin pigment	UV absorber, Radical scavenging capability, antioxidant activity, UVA–UVB absorption coefficient	[20]
Hibiscus furcatus	n.r.	Anti‐UVA, SPF (29.4), antioxidant	[19]
Hibiscus roseus	Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives; flavonoids, Catechin derivatives, dihydrochalcones; anthocyanins, phenolics	SPF (2.6), Collagenase Inhibition Activity, antioxidant	[14]
Hylocereus polyrhizus	Rutin, phenolic acids (gallic acid and sinapic acid) and vitamin B2	UVA/UVB absorber, Antioxidant; photoprotective, SPF (35.02)	[33]
Hypericum juniperinum	Phenolic acids	UV absorber, antioxidant, photoprotective	[20]
Ipomoea mauritiana	(gallic acid and sinapic acid) and one vitamin B2″	Antioxidant, SPF (11.3)	[19]
Juglans regia L.	3,7‐Dimethyl‐1,6‐octadiene, pentadecanoic acid, 14‐methyl, methyl ester, 2‐(2,6‐dimethoxy‐benzoylamino)‐propionic acid, ethyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (palmitic acid), 10‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, erucic acid; 1,2,3‐benzothiadiazole; estra‐1,3,5(10),6‐tetraene‐3,17‐diol, (17β)‐; 17‐acetate, 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐3‐(3,8,12,16‐tetramethyl‐heptadeca‐3,7,11,15‐tetraenyl)‐cyclohexanol and oleic acid, trimethylsilyl ester	Antioxidant; anti‐inflammatory, photoprotective, SPF (8.8), UVB absorber	[34]
Larch	Tannin	Antioxidant, LBT/PVA composite membranes demonstrated excellent UV protection ability	[35]
Lasia spinosa	n.r.	Antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐UVB, SPF (8.9)	[19]
Leucas zeylanica	n.r.	SPF (39.8); Radical scavenging capability; antioxidant activity	[19]
Litchi chinensis	n.r.	The sunscreen formulation with LC showed a photoprotection of 32.9%	[36]
Lycopodiella alopecuroides	Total phenolic, Total monomeric anthocyanin pigment, Total anthocyanins	UV absorber, antioxidant, photoprotection	[20, 21]
Mentha × villosa	Rosmarinic Acid, total Flavonoids	SPF (13.73); antioxidant, UVA–UVB absorption coefficient	[37]
Miscanthus‐sacchariflorus	Lignin	UV blocking activity, SPF (1%, enhanced SPF value of commercial sunscreen 31.6)	[38]
Mollugo cerviana	n.r.	Antioxidant, photostability, SPF (29.5)	[19]
Morella parvifolia	n.r.	Antioxidant activity; photoprotective	[20]
Moringa oleifera	Rutin, Quercetin, Ellagic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid	Antioxidant activity, SPF (4%water extract, 2.01), UVAPF0(1.44), UVA‐UVB absorber	[39]
Nephelium lappaceum L	Flavonoids, tannins	UVB absorber, SPF (1% extract increased 7.5% EHMC SPF value from 11.2 to 26.3)	[40]
Olax zeylanica	n.r.	SPF (24.5), Radical scavenging capability, antioxidant activity	[19]
Ophiorrhiza mungos	n.r.	SPF (39.2); Radical scavenging capability; antioxidant activity	[19]
Pentacalia pulchella	n.r.	Antioxidant activity; photoprotective, SPF‐ (10%P. pulchella, 4.36)	[20]
Perilla, Perilla frutescens	Linolenic acid, Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid	Antioxidant, MMP‐1↓, skin wrinkle scores↓, skin aging↓ galactosidase and MMP‐3 mRNA↓	[41]
Plectranthus amboinicus	Rosmarinic Acid, total Flavonoids	SPF (14.79), antioxidant	[37]
Plectranthus caespitosus	n.r.	Antioxidant, SPF (37.84)	[31]
Plectranthus ecklonii Benth	Rosmarinic acid and parvifloron D	Antioxidant activity; photoprotective ability, The extract association with benzophenone‐4 provided an SPF augmentation of 19.49%	[42]
Plectranthus zeylanicus	n.r.	SPF (11.5), Radical scavenging capability, antioxidant activity	[19]
Pinus‐densiflora	lignin	UV blocking activity, SPF (1%, enhanced SPF value of commercial sunscreen 11.6)	[38]
Polypodium leucotomos	n.r.	The UV Barrier‐Function and Immune Protection‐ Capability	[43, 44]
Prasiola calophylla	Prasiolin, mycosporine‐like amino‐acid (MAA)	A new UV‐sunscreen compound, UVA absorber	[45]
Psidium guajava L	n.r.	Photoprotective activity, SPF (1.0, improve SPF value of 7.5% 2‐ethyl‐hexyl methoxycinnamate formulation to 8.1)	[46]
Psorospermum febrifugum		Antioxidant, SPF (16.67)	[31]
Radix Scutellariae	Baicalin, wogonoside	Antioxidant (ABTS), IL‐6↓, MMP‐1↓, p‐c‐fos, p‐c‐jun↓ p‐ERK /p‐JNK/ p‐‐p‐38↓TGF‐β1, p‐Smad2/3↓Nrf2 (in nuclear), HO‐1, and NQO‐1↑	[47]
Ruta graveolens L.	Quercetin; rutin	SPF (5.34), Antioxidant	[29]
Sargassum cristafolium	n.r.	Anti‐UVA; photoprotective;Histological analyze	[48]
Scutellaria radix	Baicalin and balcalein	SPF22.7 (sunscreen 5% SR extract BuOH fraction), scavenge Free radical	[49]
Silybum marianum L.	Silymarin, flavonolignans	UVA protection factor (PF‐UVA), UVB‐protective	[50]
Solanum nigrum	n.r.	Improve UPF (ultraviolet protection factor) value	[17]
Sophora japonica L.	Polysaccharide	ROS↓, p‐JNK/ p‐‐p‐38↓	[51]
Spermacoce princeae	n.r.	Antioxidant, SPF (17.05)	[31]
theaflavin	Theaflavin	Antityrosinase activity, antioxidation, UV filter, SPF	[52]
Vitis vinifera L.	Quercetin; rutin	SPF (3.17); antioxidant activity	[29, 53]