TABLE 2.

Characteristics of NHANES participants according to quartile categories of the DASH score.

N	DASH score				P
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
	928	976	700	691
Age, yr	45.3 ± 1	49.7 ± 1.2	51.3 ± 1.1	54.7 ± 0.9	4.8 × 10−6
Age range, yr	20–80	20–80	20–80	20–80
Female, %	38.2 ± 1.8	56.6 ± 2.5	60 ± 3.9	63.7 ± 2.4	2.2 × 10−6
Smoking status, %
None	56.4 ± 2.9	60.4 ± 1.6	65.8 ± 3.8	69.5 ± 1.7
Former	24.6 ± 2	26.3 ± 1.9	23.9 ± 3	25.4 ± 2
Current	19 ± 1.8	13.3 ± 1.7	10.3 ± 2.1	5.1 ± 1.5	5.8 × 10−4
Physical activity, MET-h/wk	92.8 ± 9.3	70.1 ± 6.4	57.2 ± 3.9	57.3 ± 4.6	0.004
Race, %
Mexican American	7.2 ± 1.5	8.4 ± 1.1	7.1 ± 1.1	7.4 ± 1.7
Other Hispanic	5.5 ± 0.8	6.3 ± 1.1	6.3 ± 1.1	8.6 ± 1.7
Non-Hispanic White	63.4 ± 2.9	61.6 ± 4	63.1 ± 3.4	63.7 ± 4.7
Non-Hispanic Black	16.8 ± 1.9	13 ± 2.2	10.5 ± 2	5.4 ± 1.4
Other races – including multiracial	7.1 ± 1	10.7 ± 1.8	13 ± 1.9	15 ± 2.4	0.94
Energy intake, kcal/d	2609 ± 48	1867 ± 44	1809 ± 64	2022 ± 62	1.8 × 10−6
Alcohol, g/d	8.3 ± 0.7	6.4 ± 0.9	5.3 ± 0.8	6.4 ± 1.1	0.12
BMI, kg/m2	31 ± 0.4	30 ± 0.4	28.6 ± 0.4	27.3 ± 0.4	6.2 × 10−7
Annual family income > $75k/yr, %	35.5 ± 4.1	42.6 ± 2.5	36.8 ± 3.8	39.4 ± 4.4	0.64
College education, %	21.4 ± 3.2	32.4 ± 3.7	32.1 ± 3.3	51.9 ± 3.6	1.1 × 10−4
NAFLD status, %
No hepatic steatosis and fibrosis	61.8 ± 2.1	63.4 ± 2.1	69.6 ± 3.2	70.3 ± 2.9
Hepatic steatosis without fibrosis	28.3 ± 2.1	28.8 ± 1.9	24.1 ± 3	24.1 ± 2.4
Hepatic steatosis with fibrosis	8.4 ± 1.5	5 ± 0.9	4.1 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 0.7
Hepatic fibrosis without steatosis	1.4 ± 0.4	2.7 ± 1.2	2.3 ± 1.2	2 ± 0.8	0.002
Fibrosis status, %
Hepatic fibrosis (LSM ≥ 8.2 kPa)	9.8 ± 1.4	7.7 ± 1.5	6.3 ± 1.5	5.6 ± 0.9	0.02
Advanced hepatic fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9.7 kPa)	6 ± 1	4.5 ± 0.9	4.6 ± 1.4	3.9 ± 0.8	0.13
Cirrhosis (LSM ≥ 13.6 kPa)	2.4 ± 0.8	1.5 ± 0.4	2.9 ± 1.4	1.8 ± 0.7	0.95

Values are expressed as mean or proportion ± SE