Table 1. Electrical Properties of Doped Films Comprising Different Amounts of CNFa.
electrochemical doping |
chemical
doping |
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vol % CNF | Vth (V) | μC* (F cm–1 V–1 s–1) | Cmax* (F cm–3) | μmax (cm2 V–1 s–1) | σ (S cm–1) | Np (1026 m–3) | μF4TCNQ (cm2 V–1 s–1) |
0 | –0.20 | 135 ± 9 | 162 ± 10 | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 24.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.6 |
3 | –0.18 | 146 ± 15 | 160 ± 8 | 0.91 ± 0.10 | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.7 |
11 | –0.17 | 123 ± 5 | 171 ± 11 | 0.72 ± 0.05 | 17.9 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
20 | –0.20 | 130 ± 8 | 197 ± 14 | 0.65 ± 0.06 | 19.5 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
Electrochemical doping with OECTs (channel width W = 200 μm and channel length L = 20 μm) and EIS devices: threshold voltage Vth, the product of hole mobility and volumetric capacitance μC* from OECT transfer curves (mean and standard error of values extracted from 8–10 devices), maximum dimension-normalized volumetric capacitance Cmax* from EIS (mean and standard error of values extracted from 4 devices), and maximum hole mobility μmax. Chemical doping with F4TCNQ (20 mol % relative to the g42T-T repeat unit): electrical conductivity σ (mean and min–max error of three measurements of the same sample), polaron density Np from analysis of UV–vis spectra (estimated error 30%), and charge-carrier mobility μF4TCNQ.