Figure 17.

Solar heating for seawater desalination. (a) Setup and solar desalination performance of 3D assembled Al nanoparticles. The measured salinities represent the weight percentages of Na⁺ of the four simulated seawater samples before and after desalination. The dashed colored lines refer to the WHO and the US EPA standards for drinkable water. Reprinted with permission from ref (133). Copyright 2016 Springer Nature. (b) Schematic and IR image of a porous interlaced poly(vinyl alcohol) network embedded with V-doped MoO₃ nanospheres during solar seawater desalination. Reprinted with permission from ref (504). Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. (c) Schematic and seawater desalination performance of hollow titanium oxynitride spheres as the photothermal transducers. Reprinted with permission from ref (505). Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. (d) Illustrations and photographs of salt accumulation/excretion in conventional/salt-excreting evaporators. Reprinted with permission from ref (454). Copyright 2021 Wiley-VCH under the CC BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.