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. 2023 May 3;123(11):6891–6952. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00159

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Three mechanisms of the photothermal effect with the corresponding light absorption range. (a) Plasmonic localized heating. (b) Nonradiative relaxation in semiconductors. (c) Thermal vibrations of molecules. Reprinted with permission from ref (7). Copyright 2019 Royal Society of Chemistry. (d) Physical processes of plasmon excitation and damping at different time scales. TC, TL, and TE represent the temperatures of free charge carriers, the lattice, and the surrounding environment, respectively. Reprinted with permission from ref (28). Copyright 2022 Wiley-VCH.