| (13, 85) |
plasmonic metals |
LSPR
effect |
facile synthesis, tunable plasmon resonance,
and large absorption
cross-sections |
| (32, 33) |
slightly doped and intrinsic
semiconductors |
nonradiative recombination of electron–hole
pairs |
facile synthesis, low toxicity, and
strong extinction
coefficients in the NIR region |
| (34) |
heavily
doped semiconductors |
LSPR effect |
| (326) |
carbon-based nanomaterials |
nonradiative relaxation
of delocalized π electrons |
high chemical stability,
broadband light absorption, and lightweight |
| (98) |
organic polymers |
nonradiative relaxation of delocalized
π electrons |
versatile molecular designs, strong
absorption of NIR light,
and good biocompatibility |
| (22, 364) |
2D nanomaterials |
nonradiative recombination of electron–hole pairs and
LSPR effect |
layered structures, broad light absorption
band, and high photothermal
conversion efficiencies |
