Table 2.
Comparison of perioperative and pathologic outcomes between the robotic and laparoscopic groups.
| Robotic group (n = 142) |
Laparoscopic group (n = 142) |
t/χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conversion rates [N (%)] | 0 (0%) | 6 (4.2%) | – | 0.030b* |
| Operative time (min) | 200.9 (62.1) | 182.3 (33.4) | 3.676 | <0.001a* |
| Blood loss (ml) | 76.8 (48.3) | 75.6 (65.1) | 0.186 | 0.852a |
| Oral re-intake (days) | 2.9 (2.3) | 3.3 (2.7) | 0.802 | 0.425 a |
| Return of bowel function (days) | 3.0 (1.0) | 2.8 (0.9) | 0.924 | 0.358a |
| Length of stay (days) | 8.7 (3.4) | 9.0 (4.7) | 0.537 | 0.592a |
| Total hospitalization cost (RMB) | 85,016 (14,920) | 59,266 (13,692) | 15.152 | 0.000a* |
| Mortality [N (%)] | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | 1.000b |
| Intraoperative complications | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.4%) | 2.014 | 0.156b |
| Superior mesenteric vein injury | 0 (0%) | 1 | ||
| The middle colon artery injury | 0 (0%) | 1 | ||
| Overall postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery [N (%)] | 22 (15.5%) | 23 (16.2%) | 0.026 | 0.871b |
| (Clavien–Dindo grades I and II) | 5 | 5 | ||
| Wound infection | 5 | 5 | ||
| Inflammatory ileus | 1 | 3 | ||
| Gastroparesis | 2 | 3 | ||
| Respiratory complications | 2 | 0 | ||
| Ulcer bleeding | 1 | 0 | ||
| Lymphatic leakage | 1 | 1 | ||
| Acute urinary retention | 0 | 1 | ||
| Acute heart failure | 1 | 2 | ||
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 0 | 1 | ||
| Anastomotic bleeding | ||||
| (Clavien–Dindo grades III and IV) | 1 | 0 | ||
| Pulmonary embolism | 1 | 2 | ||
| Hemoperitoneum | 1 | 0 | ||
| Acute respiratory failure | 20.4(3.8) | 20.5(6.1) | 0.175 | 0.861a |
| Harvested lymph nodes (N) | 55(38.7%) | 54(38.0%) | 0.015 | 0.903b |
| Number of patients with lymph node | ||||
| metastasis [N (%)] | 3.650 | 0.302b | ||
| Differentiation, N | 4 | 6 | ||
| Well | 108 | 98 | ||
| Moderate | 16 | 14 | ||
| Poor | 14 | 24 | ||
| Mucinous carcinoma | 0 | 0 | – | 1.000b |
| Positive margins [N (%)] | ||||
Values are expressed as mean (SD = standard deviation) or n (%).
a
Student’s t-test;
b
Pearson’s Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test.
*p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Grading of postoperative complications was based on the Clavien–Dindo classification system.