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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 16.
Published in final edited form as: Radiat Res. 2022 May 1;197(5):491–508. doi: 10.1667/RADE-21-00059.1

Table 4.

Excess relative risk estimates over selected dose ranges for all solid cancer mortality and incidence under linear and linear-quadratic dose response models: LSS, 1958–2009

Weighted colon dose, Gy Linear model Linear-quadratic model
Males
 Females
 Males
 Females
L 95% CI L 95% CI L 95% CI Q 95% CI P a  L  95% CI  Q  95% CI  P a
Mortalityb
 Full range 0.28c 0.18 to 0.40 0.60c 0.46 to 0.74 0.10d −0.07 to 0.29 0.12d 0.02 to 0.23 0.062 0.28d 0.05 to 0.53 0.23d 0.07 to 0.41 0.010
 0–2 0.27 0.16 to 0.39 0.57 0.43 to 0.73 0.05 <−0.14 to 0.27 0.16 0.01 to 0.32 0.039 0.17 −0.08 to 0.45 0.34 0.13 to 0.57 0.002
 0–1 0.19 0.07 to 0.35 0.43 0.27 to 0.61 −0.005 <−0.29 to 0.32 0.25 −0.13 to >0.64 0.204 0.11 −0.29 to 0.54 0.45 −0.11 to 1.00 0.117
 0–0.5 0.15 <−0.05 to 0.40 0.37 0.12 to 0.66 −0.13 <−0.38 to 0.42 0.75 <−0.60 to >2.13 0.289 −0.17 −0.83 to 0.59 1.38 −0.42 to 3.13 0.135
 0–0.25 0.06e <−0.34 to 0.49 0.25e <−0.20 to 0.76  Parameter estimates were unstable due to limited data, results are not shown
 0–0.1 0.27 <−0.44 to 1.09 0.11 −0.94 to 1.28
Incidenceb
 Full range 0.28 0.19 to 0.38 0.64 0.52 to 0.77 0.08 −0.04 to 0.22 0.12 0.05 to 0.21 <0.001 0.56 0.38 to 0.75 0.06 −0.05 to 0.18 0.624
 0–2 0.26 0.17 to 0.36 0.65 0.52 to 0.78 0.02 <−0.11 to 0.17 0.18 0.08 to 0.30 <0.001 0.48 0.28 to 0.69 0.14 −0.01 to 0.30 0.083
 0–1 0.19 0.10 to 0.31 0.58 0.44 to 0.73 −0.10 <−0.11 to 0.09 0.41 0.15 to >0.63 0.002 0.48 0.19 to 0.80 0.13 −0.27 to 0.53 0.552
 0–0.5 0.07 <−0.06 to 0.22 0.52 0.33 to 0.74 0.004 <−0.32 to 0.36 0.18 <−0.70 to >1.12 0.690 0.50 0.001 to 1.06 0.06 −1.33 to 1.39 0.930
 0–0.25 0.02 <−0.19 to 0.25 0.55 0.23 to 0.91  Parameter estimates were unstable due to limited data, results are not shown
 0–0.1 0.32 <−0.12 to 0.85 0.40 −0.25 to 1.15  The model did not converge

Note. LSS, Life Span Study. ERR, excess relative risk. L, linear dose coefficient. Q, quadratic dose coefficient. 95% CI, confidence interval.

a

P value for quadratic departure from linearity.

b

Data are for the same individuals (i.e., NIC residents included, individuals with missing doses excluded, those who died or were diagnosed with cancer prior to Jan 1, 1958 excluded). Mortality case series are for entire Japan while incidence case series include cases diagnosed in Hiroshima and Nagasaki prefectures and exclude “autopsy only” cases.

c

ERR per 1 Gy estimates are from linear ERR models with parametric background, multiplicative adjustment for smoking, independent effect modification by sex, sex-specific attained age, age at exposure, and high dose. Estimates in the restricted dose ranges are derived using data for the entire cohort (see details in Materials and Methods). Estimates are shown for individuals at age 70 following exposure at age 30.

d

ERR estimates are from linear-quadratic ERR models with parametric background, multiplicative adjustment for smoking, independent effect modification by sex, sex-specific attained age, age at exposure, and high dose. Estimates in the restricted dose ranges are derived using data for the entire cohort (see details in Materials and Methods). Estimates are shown for individuals at age 70 following exposure at age 30.

e

The same model as in c except for common to males and females modification by attained age.