Table 5.

Excess relative risk estimates for all solid cancer mortality by calendar period or age at exposure under linear-quadratic dose-response model: LSS, 1958–2009

Calendar period				Age at exposure
Year	Deaths	Q/L	P a	Year	Deaths	Q/L	P a
		95% CI				95% CI
Males				Males
1958–1987	3,731	0.29b	0.805	20–83	4,578	−0.04	0.648
		Undefined				−0.35 to 4.53
1988–2009	3,793	5.99	0.024	0–19	2,946	7.88	0.015
		≤−1.54 or ≥0.18				NE or ≥0.23
P c		0.425				0.108
Females				Females
1958–1987	3,885	0.22	0.643	20–83	6,010	0.28	0.583
		−0.13 to 1.71				−0.13 to 3.21
1988–2009	4,010	4.97	0.003	0–19	1,885	1.99	0.006
		≤−2.31 or ≥0.38				≤−4.00 or ≥0.26
P c		0.063				0.186

Note. LSS, Life Span Study. ERR, excess relative risk. L, linear dose coefficient. Q, quadratic dose coefficient. Q/L, ratio of quadratic to linear dose coefficient or curvature. 95% CI, confidence interval. NE, not estimable.

^aP value for quadratic departure from linearity.

^bCurvature estimates are from linear-quadratic ERR models with parametric background (common to both calendar periods or ages at exposure), multiplicative adjustment for smoking, independent effect modification by sex, sex-specific attained age, age at exposure, and high dose.

^cP value for heterogeneity in sex-specific curvature by calendar period or age at exposure.