Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of study participants stratified by baseline frailty status
| Non-frail (N = 864) | Frail (N = 1,266) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Frailty Index | 0.15 (0.04) | 0.31 (0.08) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Exercise training intervention arm, % | 420 (48.6) | 640 (50.6) | 0.40 |
|
| |||
| Age, years | 58.1 (13.3) | 58.9 (12.3) | 0.20 |
|
| |||
| Men, % | 589 (68.2) | 942 (74.4) | 0.002 |
|
| |||
| Black race, % | 280 (32.9) | 389 (31.2) | 0.46 |
|
| |||
| Diabetes, % | 170 (19.7) | 508 (40.1) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.9 (6.8) | 31.8 (7.3) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 113.7 (18.1) | 113.8 (18.4) | 0.79 |
|
| |||
| Heart rate, beats per min. | 69.9 (11.5) | 71.5 (11.4) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 144 (16.7) | 299 (23.6) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Hypertension, % | 415 (48.0) | 855 (67.5) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Prior MI, % | 274 (31.7) | 625 (49.4) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| PVD, % | 19 (2.2) | 127 (10.0) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| COPD, % | 49 (5.7) | 183 (14.5) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Angina, % | 122 (4.1) | 405 (32.0) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Stroke, % | 56 (6.5) | 162 (12.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Depression, % | 76 (8.8) | 376 (29.7) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Cancer, % | 30 (3.5) | 54 (4.3) | 0.42 |
|
| |||
| NYHA class, % | |||
| NYHA Class 2 | 699 (80.9) | 652 (51.5) | |
| NYHA Class 3 | 164 (19.0) | 595 (47.0) | <0.001 |
| NYHA Class 4 | 1 (0.1) | 19 (1.5) | |
|
| |||
| Smoking, % | |||
| Never | 408 (47.2) | 377 (29.8) | |
| Former | 106 (12.3) | 256 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| Current | 350 (40.5) | 633 (50.0) | |
|
| |||
| Mobility, % | |||
| No problem | 696 (80.6) | 476 (37.6) | |
| Slight/Moderate | 167 (19.3) | 789 (62.3) | <0.001 |
| Severe | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | |
|
| |||
| HF hosp. in last 6 months (%), | 162 (18.8) | 402 (31.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Sodium, mg/dL | 139.4 (3.3) | 138.8 (5.1) | 0.005 |
|
| |||
| BUN, mg/dL | 22.2 (18.2) | 26.8 (30.2) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 71.4 (22.0) | 65.2 (23.6) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Peak VO2 | 16.3 (4.8) | 14.1 (4.3) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| KCCQ Score | 80.9 (13.3) | 56.4 (18.6) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction | 25.3 (7.7) | 25.0 (7.4) | 0.31 |
|
| |||
| ACE inhibitor use, % | 667 (77.2) | 924 (73.0) | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| ICD use, % | 298 (34.5) | 567 (44.8) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB use, % | 827 (95.7) | 1184 93.5) | 0.04 |
|
| |||
| Beta Blockers, % | 820 (94.9) | 1192 (94.2) | 0.52 |
|
| |||
| Loop diuretics, % | 609 (70.5) | 1055 (83.3) | <0.001 |
Baseline characteristics are reported as mean (±standard deviation) or %
Abbreviations: MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA, New York Heart association; HF, Heart failure; hosp, hospitalization; BMI, Body mass index; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; mg, milligram; mL, milliliter; dL, deciliter; L, liter; m, meter; min, minute; U, unit; BUN, Blood urea nitrogen; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker