Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With Urinary Tract Infection and Controls
| Baseline Characteristics | UTI (n = 63) | Controls (n = 101) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 77.1 (8.0) | 79.0 (8.0) |
| Setting | ||
| Hospital | 18 (28.6) | 0 |
| LTCF | 7 (11.1) | 43 (42.6) |
| Primary care office | 38 (60.3) | 0 |
| At home | 0 | 58 (57.4) |
| Urological comorbidity | 8 (12.7) | 8 (7.9) |
| Other comorbidity | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (22.2) | 14 (13.9) |
| Hypertension | 30 (47.6) | 47 (46.5) |
| History of CKD | 12 (19.0) | 11 (10.9) |
| UTI history | ||
| Ever had UTI | 57 (90.5) | 77 (76.2) |
| Ever hospitalized for UTI | 2 (3.2) | 1 (1.0) |
| Number of UTI in past year | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) |
| Antibiotics in previous month | 16 (25.4) | 20 (19.8) |
| New-onset symptoms | 63 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Dysuria | 49 (77.8) | … |
| Frequency | 57 (90.5) | … |
| Urgency | 53 (84.1) | … |
| Suprapubic pain | 43 (68.3) | … |
| Urethral pain | 33 (52.4) | … |
| Flank pain | 12 (19.0) | … |
| New/worsening urinary incontinence | 31 (49.2) | … |
| Recognition of symptoms | 46 (73.0) | … |
| Fever (≥38.0°C) | 13 (20.6) | … |
| ADL-dependency ≥2 Katz-items | 14 (22.2) | 23 (23.8) |
Age is expressed as mean (SD); number of UTIs in the past year is expressed as median (IQR); and all other variables are expressed as n (%). Urological comorbidity included pelvic organ prolapse, previous procedures for urinary incontinence, and previous malignancies. One patient with UTI had had renal cell carcinoma 12 years prior, and 1 control patient had had non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer 2 years prior. In both patients, there was no evidence of active malignancy. History of CKD was self-reported. Fever was objectified. Thirteen patients had an upper UTI. Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IQR, interquartile range; LTCF, long-term care facility; SD, standard deviation; UTI, urinary tract infection.