Table 2.
Demographic data from screening questionnaire.
| Underweight n = 1,390 (23.54%) (BMI < 18.5Kg/m2) | Normal range n = 4,069 (68.91%) (BMI 18.5- < 25 Kg/m2) | Obese n = 446 (7.55%) (BMI ≧25 Kg/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| (a) Demographic data | ||||||
| Age (years) | 25.07 | 3.13 | 25.13 | 3.14 | 25.70 | 2.89 |
| Age at first menstruation (years) | 12.57 | 1.60 | 12.27 | 1.48 | 11.62 | 1.37 |
| High (cm) | 158.09 | 5.63 | 157.67 | 5.39 | 157.27 | 5.59 |
| Weight (kg) | 43.49 | 3.79 | 51.59 | 5.14 | 69.58 | 10.28 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 17.38 | 0.90 | 20.74 | 1.59 | 28.09 | 3.57 |
| Birth weight (g)‡ (n = 418/1,266/121) | 2989.50 | 373.67 | 3043.29 | 381.20 | 3085.44 | 468.74 |
| Maximum weight (kg) [BMI] | 49.09 [19.62] | 5.59 | 56.49 [22.71] | 6.63 | 74.83 [30.20] | 12.01 |
| Ideal weight (kg) [BMI] | 43.70 [17.47] | 5.18 | 47.58 [19.12] | 4.77 | 53.63 [21.66] | 6.60 |
| Weight perceived as unacceptable (kg) [BMI] | 49.27 [19.70] | 5.47 | 55.29 [22.23] | 6.34 | 71.63 [28.93] | 13.77 |
| Weight perceived as model shape (kg) [BMI] | 42.29 [16.91] | 3.92 | 44.43 [17.86] | 3.99 | 46.51 [18.81] | 4.93 |
| Weight perceived as obese (kg) [BMI] | 53.03 [21.22] | 6.91 | 57.24 [23.02] | 6.65 | 65.02 [26.27] | 8.75 |
| Annual income (%)* ≧2,000,000 yen | 35.68% | 36.08% | 47.31% | |||
| 2,000,000 yen~>4,000,000 yen | 33.31% | 33.64% | 30.27% | |||
| 4,000,000 yen~>6,000,000 yen | 8.99% | 9.17% | 4.26% | |||
| 6,000,000 yen~>8,000,000 yen | 1.80% | 0.88% | 1.35% | |||
| 8,000,000 yen~10,000,000 yen | 0.65% | 0.37% | 0.00% | |||
| ≧10,000,000 yen | 0.43% | 0.17% | 0.22% | |||
| I do not know | 7.19% | 8.23% | 8.30% | |||
| I prefer not to answer | 11.94% | 11.45% | 8.30% | |||
| (b) Body image, weight fluctuation, gaining weight† | ||||||
| b2. Body image (Skinny/Normal /Obese) (%) | 64.5%/27.6%/7.9% | 11.5%/40.9%/47.6% | 1.8%/4.00%/94.2% | |||
| b3. Body shape satisfaction (Dissatisfied/Normal/Satisfied) (%) | 21.4%/68.7%/9.9% | 44.6%/52.3%/3.0% | 85.0%/14.6%/0.4% | |||
| b4. Weight fluctuation (Easy to lose/Unchanged/Easy to gain) (%) | 21.2%/54.9%/23.9% | 5.2%/35.5%/59.4% | 1.8%/14.3%/83.9% | |||
| b5. Want to gain more weight (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) (%) | 52.1%/34.0%/13.9% | 73.0%/20.4%/6.6% | 80.7%/15.9%/3.4% | |||
| (c) Exercise habits† | ||||||
| c1. Exercise habits in the past year (at least once a week) (yes %) | 48.3% | 52.4% | 50.4% | |||
| c2. Elementary school age (yes %) | 51.7% | 52.4% | 47.6% | |||
| c3. Junior high school age (club activities) (yes %) | 47.0% | 52.7% | 46.4% | |||
| c4. High school age (club activities) (yes/no/N/A¶) (%) | 26.5%/60.4%/13.1% | 31.8%/55.2%/12.9% | 26.5%/57.2%/16.4% | |||
| c5. Sports to continue throughout your life (Individual/Group/None) | 28.9%/7.8%/63.3% | 27.9%/12.5%/59.5% | 19.3%/11.7%/69.1% | |||
| c6. Current exercise habits are important (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) | 10.1%/46.8%/43.1% | 9.0%/44.1%/46.9% | 6.5%/37.7%/55.8% | |||
| c7. Future exercise habits are important (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) | 8.5%/42.4%/50.0% | 7.6%/39.4%/53.0% | 5.4%/33.6%/61.0% | |||
| c8. Going to have an exercise routine in future (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) | 11.4%/54.2%/34.4% | 9.8%/49.9%/40.4% | 7.2%/52.0%/40.8% | |||
| c9. Going to take specific actions for exercise habits (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) | 17.3%/59.3%/23.5% | 16.5%/57.4%/26.1% | 15.7%/60.3%/24.0% | |||
| (c-1) Reason of exercise habits§ (n = 671/2,131/209) † | ||||||
| c-1-1. Health and fitness (yes %) | 82.1% | 81.3% | 75.1% | |||
| c-1-2. Fun or Distractions (yes %) | 64.8% | 64.0% | 51.7% | |||
| c-1-3. To feel inadequate in physical exercise (yes %) | 79.6% | 80.9% | 81.8% | |||
| c-1-4. For spiritual cultivation or training (yes %) | 25.5% | 24.1% | 25.5% | |||
| c-1-5. To improve my record or ability (yes %) | 24.4% | 23.7% | 15.3% | |||
| c-1-6. To contact family (yes %) | 17.9% | 19.4% | 17.2% | |||
| c-1-7. Socializing with friends and colleagues (yes %) | 25.5% | 24.8% | 24.6% | |||
| c-1-8. Beauty and obesity reduction (yes %) | 58.1% | 71.8% | 74.6% | |||
| c-1-9. Club activities (yes %) | 13.3% | 13.9% | 13.4% | |||
| c-1-10. To relieve stress (yes %) | 49.3% | 53.2% | 43.5% | |||
| (c-2) Reason of not having exercise habits‖ (n = 719/1938/237) † | ||||||
| c-2-1. Too busy (yes %) | 60.1% | 65.3% | 64.3% | |||
| c-2-2. Physically weak (yes %) | 11.5% | 8.2% | 8.4% | |||
| c-2-3. Old age (yes %) | 15.4% | 15.3% | 15.9% | |||
| c-2-4. No place or facilities (yes %) | 37.7% | 37.6% | 47.7% | |||
| c-2-5. Do not have friends (yes %) | 39.4% | 42.8% | 48.5% | |||
| c-2-6. Do not have a mentor (yes %) | 18.4% | 21.0% | 27.8% | |||
| c-2-7. Costs money (yes %) | 44.4% | 50.1% | 52.7% | |||
| c-2-8. Do not like exercise/sports (yes %) | 53.7% | 49.3% | 63.7% | |||
| c-2-9. Never had the chance (yes %) | 60.1% | 60.9% | 60.8% | |||
| (d) Eating habits† | ||||||
| d3. Current eating habits are important (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) (%) | 7.8%/45.3%/46.9% | 8.0%/41.8%/50.3% | 4.9%/38.6%/56.5% | |||
| d4. Future eating habits are important (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) (%) | 7.6%/40.4%/51.9% | 7.0%/36.9%/56.1% | 4.7%/35.4%/59.9% | |||
| d5. Want to have the right eating habits (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) (%) | 9.0%/48.7%/42.3% | 8.2%/45.8%/46.0% | 6.7%/46.9%/46.4% | |||
| d6. Will take action to develop good eating habits (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) (%) | 13.5%/57.2%/29.4% | 12.7%/57.4%/30.0% | 13.2%/56.3%/30.5% | |||
| d7. Want to increase food intake (Disagree/Neutral/Agree) (%) | 42.3%/45.3%/12.4% | 57.5%/35.8%/6.7% | 67.0%/28.5%/4.5% | |||
*Annual income: Salaried full-time employees who had an average salary of 4,430,000 yen (men: 5,450,000 yen; women: 3,020000 yen) (18).
†
Cross tabulation results.
‡
Data for 1,805 participants recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook.
¶
Not applicable (participants who have not been enrolled in high school).