Table 1.
Current VEGF/VEGFR Therapy Approvals including those approved for use in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy.
| Approved VEGF/VEGFR Drugs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Agent | Type | Target | Approved Indications* |
| Bevacizumab | mAb | VEGF-A | CRC♦, NSCLC♦†, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer†, cervical cancer♦, HCC†, breast cancer (Japan and Europe), and glioblastoma |
| Ramucirumab | mAb | VEGFR-2 | Gastric♦, gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma♦, metastatic NSCLC♦ |
| Aflibercept | decoy receptor | VEGF-A, VEGF-B, PIGF | Metastatic CRC♦ |
| Apatinib | RTKI | VEGFR2 | Adenoid cystic carcinoma, gastric (Approved by CDFA) |
| Axitinib | RTKI | VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR | RCC† |
| Cabozantinib | RTKI | VEGFR2, MET, RET, AXL, Flt-3, c-Kit | HCC, RCC† |
| Cediranib | RTKI | VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR-a, CSF-1R, Flt3 | Ovarian cancer, BRCA mt HER2- metastatic breast cancer |
| Levantinib | RTKI | VEGFR-2/3 | Thyroid cancer, RCC†, HCC, endometrial carcinoma† |
| Nintedanib | RTKI | VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR, FGFR-1/3 | Radiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; NSCLC (EU approval) |
| Pazopanib | RTKI | VEGFR2 | RCC, soft tissue sarcoma |
| Regorafenib | RTKI | VEGFR-2/3, PDGFR-b, FGFR-1/2, c-Kit, RET, B-Raf | CRC, HCC, GIST |
| Sorafenib | RTKI | VEGFR-2/3, PDGFR-b, Flt-3, c-Kit, B-Raf | RCC, hepatocellular cancers†, metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma |
| Sunitinib | RTKI | VEGFR-1/2/3, PDGFR, Flt-3, RET | RCC, GIST, NE tumors of the pancreas |
| Vandetanib | RTKI | VEGFR-2, EGFR, RET | MTC |
| Agents approved in Combination with anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy | ||
|---|---|---|
| Agents | Disease | FDA approval |
| Bevacizumab/ Atezolizumab/ Chemotherapy | NSCLC | 2018 [148] |
| Atixinib/Pembrolizumab | RCC | 2019 [149] |
| Axitinib/Avelumab | RCC | 2019 [150] |
| Bevacizumab/Atezolizumab | HCC | 2020 [151] |
| Cabozantinib/Nivolumab | RCC | 2021 [152] |
| Lenvatinib/Pembrolizumab | Endometrial Cancer (not including MSI-H or dMMR) | 2021 [153] |
| Lenvatinib/Pembrolizumab | RCC | 2021 [154] |
mAb, monoclonal antibody; mt, mutant; RTKI, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor; CRC, colorectal cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma, GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumors; NE, neuroendocrine; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MTC, medullary thyroid cancer; EU, European Union. CDFA, China General Administration of Food Drug Administration
*
FDA-approved unless otherwise indicated.
♦
Indicates agent is approved in combination with cytotoxic therapy.
†
Indicates agent is approved in combination with immunotherapy.