Table 4.

Studies linking sleep deprivation to vaccination responses.

Type of sleep deprivation	Findings	References
Sleep deprivation before vaccination
PSD over 4 nights before vaccination;	Decrease in antibody titers to influenza virus vaccine, Trivalent types A and B, at 10 days after vaccination, but no difference at 3 or 4 weeks after vaccination	[191]
TSD over 1 night before vaccination	Decrease in antibody titers to influenza virus vaccine, Type A, at 5 days after vaccination in males, but not females. No difference at 10, 17, or 52 days after vaccination in either sex	[192]
Sleep deprivation after vaccination
TSD over 1 night after vaccination	Decrease in antibody titers to hepatitis A virus vaccine at 4 weeks after vaccination	[193]
TSD over 1 night after vaccination	Decrease in hepatitis A specific Th cell response over 52 weeks follow-up, and decrease hepatitis A IgG1, but IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4, over 20 weeks follow-up	[194]
TSD over 1 night after vaccination	Decrease in hepatitis B specific Th cell response over 20 weeks, but not 52 weeks, follow-up, and decrease in hepatitis B IgG1, over 52 weeks follow-up	[194]