Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| No COPD Exacerbation of Follow-Up (n = 164) | Has COPD Exacerbation of Follow-Up (n = 111) | P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 74.5 ± 8.3 | 75.5 ± 9.0 | 0.376 |
| Male | 154 (93.9%) | 94 (84.7%) | 0.012* |
| CAT score, median, IQR | 6, (6.-23) | 10 (7–18) | <0.001* |
| mMRC dyspnea scale, median, IQR | 2, (2–3) | 2, (1–3) | <0.001* |
| FEV1 (L), mean ± SD | 1.45 ± 0.51 | 1.15 ± 0.47 | <0.001* |
| FEV1 (% predicted), mean ± SD | 64.2 ± 20.0 | 54.3 ± 19.2 | <0.001* |
| FVC (L), mean ± SD | 2.397± 0.84 | 2.51 ± 0.75 | <0.001* |
| FVC (% predicted), mean ± SD | 96.3 ± 24.9 | 86.6 ± 19.6 | 0.001* |
| FEV1/FVC Ratio (%), mean ± SD | 49.6 ± 11.3 | 46.3 ± 13.2 | 0.033* |
| Bronchodilator responsiveness (mL), mean ± SD | 97 ± 82 | 94 ± 87 | 0.808 |
| Bronchodilator responsiveness (%), mean ± SD | 6.5 ± 7.1 | 11.3 ± 20.8 | 0.009* |
| Exacerbation(s) in the past 1 year | 55 (78.6%) | 50 (74.1%) | 0.329 |
| Minimum baseline blood eosinophil count (x cells/µL) (Median, IQR) | 150 (90–302.5) | 120 (15–130) | 0.120 |
| Maximum baseline blood eosinophil count (x cells/µL) (Median, IQR) | 200 (255–475) | 250 (120–330) | 0.970 |
| Variability of baseline blood eosinophil count (x cells/µL) (Median, IQR) | 20 (2.5–50) | 135 (85–235) | 0.068 |
| Baseline blood eosinophil % (Median, IQR) | 2.06 (1.61–4.14) | 2.08 (1.43–3.80) | 0.707 |
| COPD Group as in GOLD recommendation | <0.001* | ||
| A | 66 (40.2%) | 21 (18.9%) | |
| B | 90 (54.9%) | 70 (63.1%) | |
| C | 2 (1.2%) | 9 (8.1%) | |
| D | 6 (3.7%) | 11 (9.9%) | |
| COPD Stage by spirometry results | <0.001* | ||
| 1 | 24 (24.4%) | 12 (10.8%) | |
| 2 | 82 (50.0%) | 54 (51.4%) | |
| 3 | 41 (25.0%) | 32 (28.8%) | |
| 4 | 1 (0.6%) | 10 (9.0%) | |
| ICS use | 71 (43.3%) | 71 (64.0%) | <0.001* |
| Type of ICS use | |||
| Budesonide | 17 (23.9%) | 7 (9.9%) | |
| Fluticasone furoate | 7 (9.9%) | 57 (80.3%) | |
| Fluticasone propionate | 14 (19.7%) | 4 (5.6%) | |
| Beclomethasone | 33 (46.5%) | 3 (4.2%) | |
| ICS dose | <0.001* | ||
| High dose | 6 (8.5%) | 3 (4.2%) | |
| Medium dose | 46 (64.8%) | 59 (83.1%) | |
| Low dose | 19 (26.8%) | 9 (12.7%) | |
| Theophylline use | 21 (12.8%) | 22 (19.8%) | 0.116 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; mL, milliliter; *, statistically significant; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; mMRC, Modified Medical Research Council; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid.