TABLE 4.

Association between neuropsychological function and insomnia category.

Variables	No insomnia (n = 91)	Mild insomnia (n = 46)	Moderate/severe insomnia (n = 22)	p‐value*
Test of cognitive abilities
Memory	25.6 ± 3.5	25.9 ± 3.2	23.7 ± 4.0	0.039
Inhibitory control and selective attention	21.9 ± 4.1	22.7 ± 2.7	19.2 ± 4.1	0.001
Decision making	18.6 ± 3.8	19.4 ± 3.2	17.8 ± 3.4	0.182
Planning	11.3 ± 2.8	11.4 ± 2.3	9.9 ± 2.8	0.064
Sustain attention	9.6 ± 2.3	9.6 ± 2.6	8.9 ± 2.3	0.42
Social cognition	10.3 ± 2.0	11.3 ± 2.0	11.0 ± 2.5	0.036
Cognitive flexibility	14.4 ± 2.7	15.3 ± 2.4	13.5 ± 3.3	0.035
Total cognitive ability task	111.7 ± 14.3	115.6 ± 10.5	103.5 ± 14.0	0.003
Dass‐21
Depression	10.2 ± 8.2	9.8 ± 8.4	17.6 ± 11.0	0.001
Anxiety	7.5 ± 5.4	8.7 ± 5.7	14.3 ± 7.7	<0.001
Stress	16.2 ± 9.8	16.4 ± 9.2	24.4 ± 10.0	0.002
Quality of life (SF‐12)
Physical health	16.5 ± 2.2	15.9 ± 1.8	13.0 ± 3.1	<0.001
Mental health	17.3 ± 3.6	15.9 ± 3.8	14.2 ± 3.3	0.001
SF‐12 score	33.9 ± 4.7	31.9 ± 4.7	10.7 ± 5.3	<0.001
Test of sleep pattern
Daytime sleepiness score (ESS)	4.0 ± 5.5	8.9 ± 4.6	10.7 ± 53	<0.001
Nocturnal sleep hours	7.5 ± 1.2	6.9 ± 1.2	6.4 ± 1.6	<0.001

Note: Data presented as mean ± SD.

^*By using one‐way ANOVA test. Significance of bold values are p < 0.05.