Table 3.
Associations Between Anosmia/Dysgeusia and Patient Characteristics
| Demographic Character | Description | Loss of Smell n (%) | No Loss of Smell n (%) | P value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Loss of Taste n (%) | No Loss of Taste n (%) | P value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 92/217 (42.4%) | 125/217 (57.6%) | <0.001 | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 89/217 (41.0%) | 128/217 (59.0%) | 0.002 | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) |
| Female | 109/180 (60.6%) | 71/180 (39.4%) | 102/180 (56.7%) | 78/180 (43.3%) | |||||
| Nationality | Bahraini | 146/264 (55.3%) | 118/264 (44.7%) | 0.001 | N/A | 139/264 (52.7%) | 125/264 (47.3%) | 0.002 | N/A |
| GCC | 4/5 (80.0%) | 1/5 (20.0%) | 5/5 (100.0%) | 0/5 (0.0%) | |||||
| Non GCC Arab | 9/11 (81.8%) | 2/11 (18.2%) | 7/11 (63.6%) | 4/11 (36.4%) | |||||
| East Asia | 6/13 (35.3%) | 7/13 (53.8) | 5/13 (38.5%) | 8/13 (61.5%) | |||||
| South Asia | 36/102 (35.3%) | 66/102 (64.7%) | 35/102 (34.3%) | 67/102 (65.7%) | |||||
| Other | 0/2 (0.0%) | 2/2 (100.0%) | 0/2 (0.0%) | 2/2 (100.0%) | |||||
| Marital status | Single | 42/77 (54.5%) | 35/77 (45.5%) | 0.908 | 39/77 (50.6%) | 38/77 (49.4%) | 0.970 | ||
| Married | 154/309 (49.8%) | 155/309 (50.2%) | 147/309 (47.6%) | 162/309 (52.4%) | |||||
| Divorced | 4/8 (50.0%) | 4/8 (50.0%) | 4/8 (50.0%) | 4/8 (50.0%) | |||||
| Widowed | 1/2 (50.0%) | 1/2 (50.0%) | 1/2 (50.0%) | 1/2 (50.0%) | |||||
| Smoking status | Smoker | 41/ 76 (53.9%) | 35/76 (46.1%) | 0.553 | 0.8 (1.4–0.5) | 41/76 (53.9%) | 35/76 (46.1%) | 0.298 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
| Non smoker | 158/315 (50.2%) | 157/315 (49.8%) | 149/315 (47.3%) | 166/315 (52.7%) | |||||
| Vaccination status | Pfizer | 19/201 (9.5%) | 22/196 (5.5%) | 0.647 | NA | 20/397 (5.0%) | 21/397 (5.3%) | 0.160 | |
| Sinopharm | 65/118 (55.1%) | 53/118 (44.9%) | 65/118 (55.1%) | 53/118 (44.9%) | |||||
| Sputnik | 19/40 (47.5%) | 21/40 (52.5%) | 17/40 (42.5%) | 23/40 (57.5%) | |||||
| COVISHILD | 4/9 (44.4%) | 5/9 (55.6%) | 5/9 (55.5%) | 4/9 (44.4%) | |||||
| No vaccine | 89/174 (51.1%) | 85/174 (48.9%) | 81/174 (46.6%) | 93/174 (53.4%) | |||||
| No record | 5/15 (33.3%) | 10/15 (66.7%) | 3/15 (20%) | 12/15 (80%) | |||||
| Medical history | Sinusitis/ allergy | 12/28 (42.9%) | 16/28 (57.1%) | 0.590 | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 12/28 (42.9%) | 16/28 (57.1%) | 0.921 | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) |
| Asthma / COPD | 9/14 (64.3%) | 4/14 (35.7%) | 0.173 | 2.3 (0.7–7.4) | 8/14 (57.1%) | 5/14 (35.7%) | 0.173 | 1.8 (0.6–5.5) |