Table 2.
Participant groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
||
All (n = 753) | Lower-SES women (n = 246) | Opioid-use disorder (n = 256) | Affective disorders (n = 251) | p | |
| |||||
Urine screens n (%) | |||||
Amphetamines | 60 (8.0%) | 15 (6.1%) | 23 (9.0%) | 22 (8.8%) | 0.30 |
Barbiturates | 3 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0.99 |
Buprenorphine | 8 (1.6%) | 4 (1.6%) | - | 4 (1.6%) | 0.50 |
Benzodiazepines | 65 (8.6%) | 13 (5.3%)a | 16 (6.3%)ab | 36 (14.3%)b | 0.03 |
Cocaine | 69 (9.2%) | 10 (4.1%)a | 35 (13.7%)b | 24 (9.6%)ab | 0.01 |
MDMA* | 5 (0.7%) | 3 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.17 |
Methamphetamine | 16 (2.1%) | 3 (1.2%) | 6 (2.3%) | 7 (2.8%) | 0.39 |
Methadone | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (0.4%) | - | 1 (0.4%) | 0.99 |
Opiates | 35 (4.6%) | 11 (4.5%) | 10 (3.9%) | 14 (5.6%) | 0.72 |
Oxycodone | 28 (3.7%) | 14 (5.7%) | 6 (2.3%) | 8 (3.2%) | 0.12 |
Phencyclidine** | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | - |
THC | 337 (44.8%) | 103 (41.9%) | 108 (42.2%) | 126 (50.2%) | 0.73 |
Any substance*** | 433 (57.2%) | 127 (51.6%) | 142 (55.5%) | 164 (65.3%) | 0.65 |
Any substance*** | 207 | 51 | 72 | 84 | 0.04 |
w/o THC | (27.3%) | (20.7%)a | (28.1%)ab | (33.5%)b |
Notes: Results reported for urine screens represent the % ever positive during the 12-week study period. Groups that are not equivalent in post-hoc comparisons are denoted by different superscript letters.
Number of positive test results was too small to conduct the logistic regression, P-value is computed from a Fisher’s Exact Test.
Number of positive test results was too small to conduct analysis.
Excluding buprenorphine and methadone for the opioid-use disorder group. THC = Tetrahydrocannabinol; MDMA = Methylenedioxymethamphetamine.