Table 2.
Included studies.
| No. | Paper and publish date | Country | Focus of interest | Sample | Data collection | Sport |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Krane (1997) | USA | Homonegativism in sports described by lesbian collegiate athletes. | 12 lesbians | Semi-structured interviews | Basketball, softball, golfers, soccer, track |
| 2 | Anderson (2002) | North America | Experiences of openly gay male team sport athletes | 26 gay males | In-depth interviews | Bowling, cheerleading, crew, cross-country, diving, fencing, football, hockey, rodeo, rugby, soccer, speed skating, swimming, tennis, track, volleyball, water polo, wrestling |
| 3 | Stoelting (2011) | USA | intercollegiate lesbian athletes disclose their sexual identities in the sport context | 16 females: 12 self-identified as lesbian; 3 self-identified as gay; and 1 self-identified as dyke | In-depth interviews | Softball, soccer, rugby, lacrosse, golf, cross country, indoor or outdoor track, field hockey, ice hockey, crew, and basketball |
| 4 | Fink et al. (2012) | USA | Perspectives of “out” lesbian or bisexual college female athletes | 14 females: 11 self-identified as lesbian; 3 self-identified as bisexual | Semi-structured interviews | Softball, basketball, hockey, field hockey, volleyball, tennis |
| 5 | Melton and Cunningham (2012) | USA | experiences of lesbian athletes of color | 13 females: 7 self-identified as gay; 6 self-identified as lesbian | Semi-structured interviews | Basketball and softball |
| 6 | Lucas-Carr and Krane (2012) | USA | transgender athletes experienced sport | 3 transgender individuals | in-depth life history interviews | Martial art, aikido, rugby, and ice hockey |
| 7 | Mavhandu-Mudzusi (2014) | African | experiences of LGBTI students regarding sports participation | 20 LGBT individuals: 5 self-identified as lesbians; 5 self-identified as gay; 5 self-identified as bisexual; 5 self-identified as transgender | In-depth interviews and field note | Not specified |
| 8 | Anderson and Bullingham (2015) | USA | experiences of openly lesbian team sports players | 12 lesbians | Semi-structured interviews | Basketball, rowing, cross country, rugby, soccer, softball, track |
| 9 | Fynes and Fisher (2016) | USA | negotiation of lesbian student-athlete identities | 10 lesbians | Semi-structured interviews | Track, field, rowing, volleyball, softball, basketball, soccer |
| 10 | Saraç and McCullick (2017) | Turkey | experiences of a gay male Turkish PE and sports major. | 1 gay male | Semi-structured interviews | Track and field |
| 11 | Fenwick and Simpson (2017) | USA | gay male athletes experienced coming out during participation in sports. | 6 gay males | Semi-structured interviews | Cross-country, football, ice hockey, lacrosse, swimming, and track |
| 12 | (Mann & Krane, 2018) | USA | college team sport climates with queer female athletes | 13 females: 5 self-identified as lesbian; 3 self-identified as gay; 3 self-identified as bisexual | unstructured and semi-structured interviews | Basketball, crew, field hockey, golf, softball, track, and field |
| 13 | Klein et al. (2018) | USA | physical and athletic changes of a trans male US college athlete | 1 trans male | Interviews and video diary | Cross-country and track |
| 14 | Anderson et al. (2021) | USA | experiences of female sexual minority student-athletes. | 9 females: 5 self-identified as lesbian; 3 self-identified as bisexual | Semi-structured interviews | Softball, basketball, hockey, field hockey, volleyball, tennis |