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. 2023 May 13;52(8):1738–1752. doi: 10.1007/s10964-023-01777-8

Table 1.

Participants’ Sociodemographic Characteristics (N = 7918)

Sociodemographic characteristics Sample
n %
Gender
Male 3697 46.7
Female 4218 53.3
Age groups
13 years 1185 15
14 years 1403 17.7
15 years 1713 21.6
16 years 1385 17.5
17 years 1103 13.9
≥18 years 1129 14.3
School yeara
6th grade (11 years old) 48 0.6
7th grade (12 years old) 1752 22.1
8th grade (13 years old) 1673 21.1
9th grade (14 years old) 1975 24.9
10th grade (15 years old) 1122 14.2
11th grade (16 years old) 780 9.9
12th grade (17 years old) 568 7.2
Ever failed a school year
Yes 2593 35.4
No 5734 64.6

aThe ages most commonly associated with each Portuguese school year are presented in parentheses