. 2023 May 13;52(8):1738–1752. doi: 10.1007/s10964-023-01777-8

Table 2.

Descriptives of Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness, Self-harm and its Functions, Suicidal Ideation, and Emotion Regulation by Gender and Age Group

	EMWS-A	ISSIQ-A Self-harm		ISSIQ-A Suicidal		ISSIQ-A Automatic	ISSIQ-A Social	STEM-B
	M (SD)	M (SD)	n (%)	M (SD)	n (%)	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Total sample	54.8 (20.5)	1.5 (3.5)	1815 (28)	2.1 (2.4)	2462 (34.5)	10.8 (14.7)	2.6 (4.4)	8.7 (3)
Gender	t = 2.22^*		χ² = 1.27		χ² = 44.55^***	t = 4.75^***	t = 6.85^***	t = −17.29^***
Male	55.4 (21.1)	1.7 (3.9)	790 (27.3)	1.8 (2.3)	996 (30.4)	12.1 (16.2)	3.2 (5)	8.1 (3.1)
Female	54.3 (20)	1.3 (3.1)	1024 (28.6)	2.4 (2.4)	1465 (38)	9.7 (13.2)	2.1 (3.8)	9.3 (2.8)
Age group	F = 4.82^***		χ² = 24.76^***		χ² = 15.07^*	F = 6.05^***	F = 4.77^***	F = 3.38^**
13 years	57.4 (20.5)	1.4 (3.3)	248 (26.7)	2.9 (2.4)	312 (29.7)	11.5 (15)	3 (4.5)	8.7 (2.8)
14 years	54.5 (20.6)	1.7 (3.5)	364 (32.5)	2.1 (2.5)	429 (34.1)	12 (15)	2.8 (4.5)	8.5 (3)
15 years	54.7 (20.1)	1.7 (3.7)	400 (28.4)	2.2 (2.4)	555 (35.9)	12 (15.8)	3 (4.7)	8.8 (3)
16 years	53.4 (21.1)	1.6 (3.7)	339 (29.4)	2.3 (2.5)	460 (36.5)	10.8 (14.8)	2.5 (4.4)	8.6 (3.1)
17 years	55.1 (20.3)	1.3 (3.3)	238 (26.4)	2.3 (2.4)	352 (35.8)	9.9 (14)	2.2 (4.2)	8.8 (3.1)
≥18 years	54.2 (19.9)	1.2 (3.2)	226 (23.3)	2.1 (2.3)	354 (34.4)	7.9 (12.7)	1.9 (3.9)	8.9 (3.1)

EMWSS-A Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale for Adolescents Scale (Richter et al., 2009; Portuguese version by Cunha et al., 2014), ISSIQ-A Impulse, Self-harm and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire for Adolescents (Carvalho et al., 2015), ISSIQ-A Suicidal Suicidal ideation subscale, ISSIQ-Automatic Automatic reinforcement subscale, ISSIQ-A Social Social reinforcement subscale, STEM-B Situational Test of Emotional Management – Brief (Allen et al., 2015; Portuguese version by da Motta et al., 2021)

^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001