Table 4.
Association analyses of the prevalence of amblyopia (n = 450) in the GPES sample.
| univariable | model 1 | model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | OR [95% CI] | p | |
| Any amblyopia [yes] | ||||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 0.81 (0.74; 0.89) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.78; 0.96) | 0.005 | 0.88 (0.79; 0.99) | 0.029 |
| Birth weight (kg) | 0.37 (0.23; 0.61) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Birth weight percentile | 1.00 (0.98; 1.01) | 0.50 | – | – | – | – |
| ROP (yes) | 5.47 (2.56; 11.67) | <0.001 | – | – | 1.36 (0.48; 3.88) | 0.57 |
| ROP treatment (yes) | 11.14 (3.69; 33.58) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Perinatal adverse events (yes) | 8.52 (3.83; 18.96) | <0.001 | 3.81 (1.50; 9.72) | 0.005 | 3.68 (1.38; 9.84) | 0.009 |
| Smoking during pregnancy (yes) | 0.80 (0.18; 3.54) | 0.77 | – | – | – | – |
| Preeclampsia (yes) | 1.34 (0.53; 3.41) | 0.54 | – | – | – | – |
| Breastfeeding (yes) | 0.54 (0.27; 1.11) | 0.094 | – | – | – | – |
| Placental insufficiency (yes) | 3.27 (1.01; 10.59) | 0.048 | 2.75 (0.74; 10.23) | 0.13 | – | – |
Univariate model: adjusted for age and sex.
Model 1: Multivariable model with inclusion of univariable associated parameters with adjustment for age and sex.
Model 2: Multivariable model with inclusion of associated parameters of model 1 and additional inclusion of ROP occurrence. Because of a high collinearity with gestational age the parameter birth weight was not included in the multivariable models.
OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval.