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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Sci. 2023 Jan 11;26(5):e13359. doi: 10.1111/desc.13359

Table 1:

Summary of Clip Features for ID Song and ID Speech

Feature Song M(SD) Speech M(SD) Mann-Whitney Test Levene’s Test

Pitch (Hz) – Mean 239.5 (18.9) 233.9 (30.2) U = 82.00
p = 0.792
F = 2.64
p = 0.13
Pitch (Hz) – Standard Deviation 31.5 (6.4) 35.5 (8.7) U = 92.00
p = 0.492
F = 0.46
p = 0.51
Tempo (Syllables/Second) 2.1 (0.4) 2.6 (0.5) U = 103.00
p = 0.056
F = 0.15
p = 0.70
Rhythmic Variability (nPVI) 50.7 (5.4) 61.2 (9.1) U = 106.00
p = 0.022*
F = 0.90
p = 0.36
Saliency of Mouth AVS 1.6 (0.3) 1.4 (0.2) U = 42.00
p = 0.220
F = 0.00
p = 0.98
Positive Affect (% Smiling) 45.2% (31.0%) 28.8% (32.3%) U = 75.00
p = 0.313
F = 0.04
p = 0.85
Duration (Seconds) 23.0 (3.6) 18.5 (4.3) U = 92.00
p = 0.041*
F = 3.06
p = 0.09

Note:

*

p <.05. Mann-Witney and Levene tests are provided as a reference of differences in averages and variance across clip types for the interested reader, but given the low number of clips, these statistical tests should be interpreted with caution as we may be underpowered to detect significant differences.