. 2023 Jun 16;6(6):e2318611. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18611

Table 2. Clinical Postoperative Outcomes Among the 2 Study Groups.

Outcome	Normal saline (n = 154)	Dexmedetomidine (n = 156)	Difference or OR (95% CI)	P value
VAS for postoperative pain score, mean (SD)
25 h^a	3.2 (1.3)	2.9 (1.4)	0.23 (−0.07-0.54)^b	.13
48 h^a	1.9 (0.8)	1.7 (0.9)	0.16 (−0.03-0.35)^b	.10
1 mo^a	0 (0-2)	0 (0-2)	0.00 (0.00-0.00)^c	.86
Adverse effects, No. (%) of patients
Delirium	23 (14.9)	20 (12.8)	1.17 (0.67-2.03)^d	.59
Nausea	23 (14.9)	27 (17.3)	0.86 (0.52-1.44)^d	.57
Pruritus	16 (10.4)	11 (7.1)	1.47 (0.71-3.07)^d	.30
NRS score for postoperative subjective sleep quality, median (IQR)
First morning^e^,^f	3 (2-5)	2 (1.25-3)	1.21 (0.84-1.58)^b	<.001
Second morning^e^,^f	2 (2-4)	2 (1-3)	1.04 (0.70-1.39)^b	<.001
Third morning^e^,^f	2 (2-4)	2 (1-2)	0.88 (0.57-1.19)^b	<.001
BAI postoperative scores, median (IQR)
First morning^f^,^g	14 (10-18)	12 (8-17.75)	1.69 (0.26-3.13)^b	.02
Second morning^f^,^g	12 (10-18)	11 (8-15)	1.76 (0.50-3.03)^b	.01
Third morning^f^,^g	12 (8-6)	10 (8-15)	1.76 (0.64-2.89)	.002

Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; NRS, numerical rating scale; OR, odds ratio; VAS, visual analog scale.

^{^a}

The VAS pain score ranged from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating most severe pain.

^{^b}

Difference in means.

^{^c}

Difference in medians.

^{^d}

OR.

^{^e}

The NRS for subjective sleep quality score ranged from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating the best and 10 the worst sleep quality.

^{^f}

Repeated test analysis of variance was used.

^{^g}

The BAI score ranged from 0 to 84, with higher scores indicating increased anxiety.