. 2023 Jun 16;23:1166. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16118-4

Table 3.

Risk factors associated with prehypertension/hypertension by log-binomial regression analyses

Risk factors		Bivariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
Risk factors		PR	95% CI	p-value	aPR	95% CI	p-value
Age	per 1 year increase	1.01	0.97–1.24	0.127	1.03	0.92–1.14	0.619
Sex	Male	3.61	2.86–4.55	< 0.001*	3.07	2.32–4.06	< 0.001*
Sex	Female^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
BMI classification	Underweight	0.72	0.57–0.91	0.006*	0.80	0.65–1.00	0.052
	Normal^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
	Overweight	1.57	1.22–2.02	< 0.001*	1.11	0.87–1.41	0.391
	Obesity	2.06	1.65–2.57	< 0.001*	1.35	1.08–1.68	0.008*
Waist-hip ratio	per 0.05 increase	1.29	1.22–1.36	< 0.001*	1.04	0.95–1.13	0.426
Locality	Urban	0.96	0.80–1.16	0.684	0.85	0.69–1.04	0.113
Locality	Rural^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
Smoking	Yes	1.28	0.61–2.67	0.514	0.77	0.38–1.59	0.486
Smoking	No^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
Alcohol consumption	Yes	1.73	1.44–2.08	< 0.001*	1.28	1.03–1.59	0.026
Alcohol consumption	No^a	1.00			1.00
Salt intake	High	1.08	0.80–1.45	0.613	0.95	0.72–1.24	0.687
Salt intake	Adequate^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
Fruit and vegetable consumption	Low	1.09	0.87–1.35	0.467	1.04	0.87–1.25	0.660
Fruit and vegetable consumption	Adequate^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
Physical activity	Low	0.65	0.54–0.78	< 0.001*	1.07	0.90–1.26	0.438
Physical activity	Adequate^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–
Family history of hypertension	Yes	1.15	0.95–1.38	0.143	1.09	0.93–1.28	0.279
Family history of hypertension	No^a	1.00	–	–	1.00	–	–

^a: Reference group; *: p-value < 0.05; aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio; BMI: Body mass index, CI: Confidence interval