Table 2.
The pooled effect size of factors associated with low back pain among school teachers in Africa, 2022
| Variable (Reference) | Number of studies | Sample size | Effect size (POR with 95% CI) | Heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q-value | P-value | I2 | ||||
| Sex (male) | 5 | 3943 | 1.53 (1.19–1.98) | 0.10 | 0.861 | 0.0% |
| Age (< 30 years) | 4 | 3526 | 1.58 (1.04–2.40) | 0.81 | 0.848 | 0.0% |
| Physical exercise (yes) | 3 | 1619 | 1.92 (1.04–3.52) | 0.10 | 0.953 | 0.0% |
| Cigarette smoking (no) | 2 | 1008 | 2.86 (0.24–33.54) | 0.03 | 0.858 | 0.0% |
| Sleep problem (no) | 3 | 1619 | 2.03 (1.19–3.44) | 0.73 | 0.694 | 0.0% |
| History of Injury (no) | 2 | 2349 | 1.92 (1.67–2.21) | 0.00 | 0.976 | 0.0% |
Keys: POR pooled odds ratio, CI Confidence interval