Table 3.
Secondary outcomes after randomization to watermelon and dietary advice versus dietary advice only following hospitalization for hyperemesis gravidarum
| Outcomes | Watermelon and dietary advice n = 64 |
Dietary advice only n = 63 |
RR (95% CI) | NNTb (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | |||||
| PUQE-24a score (3 to 15) | 6.5 [5–8] | 7 [5–8] | 0.44 | ||
| PUQE-24 symptom categorya | 0.34 | ||||
| Mild symptoms | 32 (50.0%) | 26 (41.3%) | 1.23 (0.84–1.81)b | 0.29b | |
| Moderate symptoms | 31 (48.4%) | 37 (58.7%) | |||
| Severe symptoms | 1 (4.7%) | 0 (4.7%) | |||
| SNAQc score (4 to 16) | 14 [11–15] | 13 [11–14] | 0.20 | ||
| Significant risk of weight loss | 44 (68.8%) | 50 (79.8%) | 0.87 (0.70–1.07) | 0.17 | |
| Wellbeingd score (0 to 10) | 7 [6–7.75] | 7 [6–7] | 0.83 | ||
| Week 2 | - | ||||
| PUQE-24a score (3 to 15) | 5 [3–6] | 6 [4–7] | 0.042 | ||
| PUQE-24 symptom categorya | 0.086 | ||||
| Mild symptoms | 50 (78.1%) | 38 (60.3%) | 1.30 (1.02–1.64)b | 5.6 (3.0–48.5) | 0.03b |
| Moderate symptoms | 13 (20.3%) | 24 (38.1%) | |||
| Severe symptoms | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (1.6%) | |||
| SNAQc score (4 to 16) | 15 [14–16] | 14 [13–16] | 0.015 | ||
| Significant risk of weight loss | 17 (26.6%) | 30 (47.6%) | 0.51 (0.32–0.81) | 4.7 (2.7–21.4) | 0.003 |
| Wellbeingd score (0 to 10) | 8 [7–9] | 7 [7–8] | 0.015 | ||
| Satisfaction with interventione | 7 [6–8] | 6 [5–7] | < 0.001 | ||
| Recommends intervention | 54 (84.4%) | 44 (65.1%) | 1.30 (1.05–1.60) | 5.2 (2.9–21.9) | 0.012 |
| Rehospitalisationf | 6 (9.4%) | 6 (9.5%) | 0.99 (0.34–2.89) | 0.98 | |
| Antiemetic stoppage (days) | 6 [2–10] | 7 [4–13] | 0.12 | ||
| Antiemetic into week 2 | 19 (29.7) | 27 (42.9) | 0.59 (0.42–1.61) | 0.12 | |
| Regular intake of watermelong | 54 (84.4%) | g | |||
Data expressed as median {interquartile range] for ordinal or non-normally distributed continuous data and number (%) for categoric data. Analyses performed using Mann Whitney u test for non-normally distributed data or Chi-square test for categoric data. 2-sided analyses P < 0.05 taken as significant for all variables
aPUQE-24 (Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea over 24 h) scoring system for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2009 Sep;31(9):803–807 scored from 3 to 15. Symptoms graded as mild ≤ 6 score, moderate 7–12 score and severe ≥ 13 score
bAnalysis of dichotomized mild compared to moderate-severe symptoms
cSNAQ Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):1074–81 scored from 4 to 16. Significant risk of weight loss ≤ 14 score
dWellbeing score from 0 to 10 by participants (higher score greater wellbeing)
eSatisfaction score from 0 to 10 by participants (higher score greater satisfaction)
fReadmission for inpatient care in the 2 weeks trial period for hyperemesis gravidarum
gDirected to participants randomized to watermelon arm only