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. 2023 Jun 14;11:e15431. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15431

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©2023 Mori et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.

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The streams where we took eDNA samples were located in central part of Hokkaido, Japan, where Echinococcus multilocularis is known to be endemic. Three sampling sites were assigned each to the three streams of Osarappe, Piukenai, and one of the tributaries of Ishikari river. Seven of the sampling sites were located at manmade structures where samples were taken on immediately upstream and downstream, thus totaling 16 samples at a time. The samples were taken eight times from October 2016 to November 2017. The map was produced with QGIS version 3.22.3 using geographical data produced by National Land Information Division, National Spatial Planning and Regional Policy Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/index.html).