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. 2023 Jun 17;79:376–394. doi: 10.1016/j.eap.2023.06.026

Table 5.

Conditional efficiency regressions, various social distancing policies, first 100 days.

Panel A: Any Social Distancing Policy
Variable p-Value Better efficiency occurs when…
SIPO 0.07* A state does not have a SIPO policy on day j.
Non-essential business closures 0.001*** A state has a non-essential business closure policy on day j.
Mandatory quarantine for travelers 0.001*** A state has a mandatory quarantine for travelers policy on day j.
Large gathering ban 0.001*** A state has a large gathering ban policy on day j.

Panel B: All Social Distancing Policies

All 4 policies 0.001*** A state has a SIPO, non-essential business closure, mandatory quarantine for travelers, and large gathering ban policy on day j.

Panel C: SIPO/Business/Large

SIPO/Business/Large 0.001*** A state has a SIPO, non-essential business closure, and large gathering ban policy on day j.

Panel D: SIPO Only

SIPO 0.001*** A state has a SIPO policy on day j.

*** refers to significance at the 1-percent level; ** refers to significance at the 5-percent level; * refers to significance at the 10-percent level.

Note: Panel A: Any Social Distancing Policy refers to if a state has any of the following policies on day j: (i) SIPO; (ii) non-essential business closure; (iii) mandatory quarantine for travelers; and/or (iv) ban on large gatherings. Panel B: All 4 Social Distancing Policies refers to if a state has all 4 of the following social distancing policies on day j: (i) SIPO; (ii) non-essential business closure; (iii) mandatory quarantine for travelers; and/or (iv) ban on large gatherings. Panel C: SIPO/Business/Large refers to if a state has all of the following policies on day j: (i) SIPO; (ii) non-essential business closure; and (iii) ban on large gatherings. Panel D: SIPO Only refers to if a state has a SIPO order on day j.