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. 2023 Jun 12;5(1):e000423. doi: 10.1136/bmjno-2023-000423

Table 2.

Outcomes by randomised treatment group (tranexamic acid vs placebo) split by prerandomisation baseline SBP

SBP≤170 mm Hg Tranexamic acid Placebo cOR/OR/HR/MD (95% CI) P value
N (%) 590 562
Haematoma
 Change in volume from baseline to 24 hours,* mL 3.3 (15.9) 5.1 (15.8) −1.99 (−3.90, to 0.08) 0.041
 Haematoma expansion (%) 132 (24.3) 161 (32.5) 0.62 (0.47, 0.82) 0.001
 Haematoma expansion >33% (%) 101 (18.6) 119 (24) 0.69 (0.51, 0.94) 0.019
Day 2
 Death (%) 15 (2.5) 33 (5.9) 0.35 (0.18, 0.68) 0.002
 SAEs (%) 175 (29.7) 215 (38.3) 0.62 (0.48, 0.81) <0.001
Day 7
 NIHSS 9.8 (7.9) 10.6 (8.9) −1.21 (−1.92, to 0.51) 0.001
 Death (%) 43 (7.3) 64 (11.4) 0.53 (0.34, 0.83) 0.006
 SAEs (%) 217 (36.8) 247 (44) 0.67 (0.52, 0.87) 0.003
Day 90
 Primary outcome
  mRS [/6] 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 0.73 (0.59, 0.91) 0.005
Sensitivity analysis
 mRS, unadjusted 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) 0.13
 mRS, adjusted for HV 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 0.78 (0.63, 0.97) 0.025
 mRS, adjusted for HV and location~ 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 0.76 (0.61, 0.94) 0.012
 mRS>3 (%) 414 (70.2) 418 (74.4) 0.66 (0.48, 0.90) 0.010
 Death (%) 116 (19.7) 130 (23.1) 0.74 (0.58, 0.95) 0.020
 SAEs (%) 258 (43.7) 279 (49.6) 0.72 (0.55, 0.93) 0.012
 EQ-5D HUS (/1) 0.35 (0.4) 0.32 (0.4) 0.04 (0.0, 0.08) 0.046
 EQ-VAS (/100) 49.5 (33.2) 46.7 (33.1) 3.53 (0.20, 6.86) 0.038
Discharge
 Length of hospital stay, days 63.7 (46.7) 63.8 (47.7) 2.08 (−3.30, 7.46) 0.45
 Death by discharge (%) 87 (14.7) 107 (19) 0.67 (0.47, 0.96) 0.030
SBP>170 mm Hg
N (%) 571 602
Haematoma
 Change in volume from baseline to 24 hours,* mL 4.2 (15.8) 4.7 (16.1) −0.89 (−2.78, 1.00) 0.36
 Haematoma expansion (%) 133 (26.1) 143 (25.4) 1.02 (0.77, 1.35) 0.90
 Haematoma expansion >33% (%) 101 (19.8) 125 (22.2) 0.84 (0.63, 1.14) 0.27
Day 2
 Death (%) 25 (4.4) 24 (4) 1.01 (0.55, 1.84) 0.99
 SAEs (%) 204 (35.7) 202 (33.6) 1.05 (0.81, 1.36) 0.71
Day 7
 NIHSS 10.5 (8.7) 10 (8.4) 0.32 (−0.43, 1.08) 0.40
 Death (%) 58 (10.2) 59 (9.8) 0.94 (0.62, 1.42) 0.76
 SAEs (%) 239 (41.9) 250 (41.5) 0.95 (0.73, 1.22) 0.67
Day 90
 Primary outcome
  mRS at day 90 [/6] 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 1.05 (0.85, 1.30) 0.63
Sensitivity analysis
 mRS at day 90, unadjusted 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 1.15 (0.94, 1.41) 0.16
 mRS, adjusted for baseline HV 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 0.99 (0.79, 1.22) 0.90
 mRS, adjusted for baseline HV and location 4 [2,5] 4 [2,5] 1.00 (0.80, 1.24) 0.99
 mRS>3 (%) 409 (71.6) 414 (68.8) 1.09 (0.79, 1.51) 0.59
 Death (%) 134 (23.5) 119 (19.8) 1.13 (0.88, 1.44) 0.35
 SAEs (%) 263 (46.1) 277 (46) 0.92 (0.71, 1.18) 0.50
 EQ-5D HUS (/1) 0.34 (0.39) 0.37 (0.4) −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) 0.65
 EQ-VAS (/100) 48.1 (34.5) 49.9 (33.1) 0.53 (−2.63, 3.69) 0.74
Discharge
 Length of hospital stay, days 62.3 (47.6) 63.2 (48.5) 1.72 (−3.81, 7.24) 0.54
 Death by discharge (%) 103 (18) 98 (16.3) 1.02 (0.72, 1.44) 0.93

Treatment effect of tranexamic acid versus placebo assessed using Cox proportional hazards, multiple linear, binary or ordinal logistic regression with adjustment for baseline prognostic factors.

Bold p-values indicate <0.05

*Also adjusted for baseline haematoma volume.

cOR, common OR; EQ-VAS, EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale; EQ-5D HUS, EuroQoL-5 Dimensions Health Utility Status; HV, haematoma volume; MD, mean difference; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SAEs, serious adverse events; SBP, systolic blood pressure.