Table 1.
Summary of all included studies
| Author | Study design | Focus | Subjects | N | Study objectives | JBI quality score* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanaka et al. [8] | Case series | Pixel value analysis | Healthy volunteer(s), COPD | 18 | Assess correlation between diaphragm motion parameters and lung vital capacity. Describe methods for visualising change in pixel value and compare to clinical/radiological data | 5 |
| Tanaka et al. [4] | Observational | Technical report | NA | 37 | Compare four different automatic processes with accuracy of manual selection by radiologist to determine max inspiration/expiration | 2 |
| Tanaka et al. [9] | Observational | Ventilation | Healthy volunteer(s) | 6 | Assess average pixel value change during respiratory cycle and regional differences in pixel value change in standing and decubitus position | 6 |
| Tanaka et al. [10] | Observational | Ventilation, perfusion | Healthy volunteer(s) | 7 | Assess feasibility of using DCR to map blood distribution for future clinical use | 3 |
| Kawashima et al. [11] | Observational | Reproducibility | Healthy volunteer(s) | 5 | Assess reproducibility of changes in pixel value between repeated DCR | 2 |
| Tanaka et al. [12] | Observational | Perfusion | Various | 14 | To compare quantitative pulmonary blood flow using DCR and perfusion scanning | 5 |
| Tanaka et al. [5] | Case control | Perfusion | Various | 20 | To assess the validity of DCR for evaluating pulmonary blood flow distribution, with normal controls | 3 |
| Tsuchiya et al. [13] | Observational | Nodule motion analysis | Healthy volunteer(s) | 8 | To detect lung nodules (simulated) | 4 |
| Tanaka et al. [14] | Case control | Ventilation | Various | 20 | To assess the ability of DCR to detect ventilatory impairment using pixel value change, compared with scintigraphy | 5 |
| Tanaka et al. [15] | Case control | Rib motion | Various | 16 | To assess the ability of DCR to detect rib motion in normal controls and individuals with scoliosis | 3 |
| Yamada et al. [16] | Observational | Diaphragm motion | Healthy volunteer(s) | 172 | To evaluate the average diaphragmatic excursions in healthy volunteers, and assess the relationships between DCR metrics and anthropometrics/spirometry | 5 |
| Tanaka et al. [17] | Observational | Ventilation | Various | 30 | To assess ventilatory defects using change in lung texture | 4 |
| Yamada et al. [18] | Case control | Diaphragm motion | Healthy volunteer(s), COPD | 86 | Evaluate the difference in tidal breathing diaphragm motion between COPD and healthy controls using DCR | 5 |
| Yamada et al. [19] | Case control | Craniocaudal gradient analysis | Healthy volunteer(s), COPD | 90 | Evaluate the difference in craniocaudal gradient of maximum pixel value change rate between COPD and healthy controls | 5 |
| Hida et al. [20] | Observational | Diaphragm motion | Healthy volunteer(s) | 174 | To assess diaphragm motion in standing positions during forced breathing, and evaluate its associations with demographics and pulmonary function tests | 7 |
| Hida et al. [21] | Case control | Diaphragm motion | COPD, healthy | 62 | To assess differences in diaphragmatic motion (speed and excursion) between COPD and control. To assess correlation between pulmonary function tests and diaphragmatic motion | 7 |
| Kitahara et al. [22] | Observational | Segmentation | Various | 214 | To develop a lung segmentation for dynamic chest radiography, and to assess the clinical utility of this measure for pulmonary function assessment | 3 |
| Hanaoka et al. [23] | Diagnostic cohort study | Pulmonary function | Lung cancer resection | 52 | To assess the use of DCR to calculate post-operative pulmonary function compared to pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy | 7 |
| Hino et al. [24] | Observational | Lung areas | Healthy volunteer(s) | 162 | To investigate correlation of projected lung areas with pulmonary function | 7 |
| Ohkura et al. [25] | Observational | Ventilation | COPD | 118 | Assess relationship between lung area (max and min) and rate of change with pulmonary function tests | 5 |
| Tanaka et al. [26] | Case control | Ventilation, perfusion | Various | 53 | To assess the ability of DCR to detect ventilatory impairment using pixel value change, compared with ventilation/perfusion imaging | 6 |
| Watase et al. [27] | Case control | Tracheal diameter analysis | COPD | 40 | To assess the ability of DCR to detect intrathoracic tracheal narrowing between normal and abnormal cases | 4 |
| Yamamoto et al. [28] | Observational | Perfusion | Various | 42 | Assess the success rate of deep-breath-holding and breath-holding DCR in assessment of pulmonary perfusion; correlation between diaphragm motion and anthropometrics | 6 |
| FitzMaurice et al. [29] | Observational | Diaphragm motion, lung areas | Cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis | 24 | To describe changes in diaphragm motion and lung areas before and after modulator therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis using DCR | 7 |
| FitzMaurice et al. [30] | Case series | Diaphragm motion | Diaphragm palsy | 21 | To describe diaphragm motion in individuals with a paralysed hemidiaphragm using DCR | 6 |
| Ohkura et al. [31] | Case control | Diaphragm motion, lung areas, tracheal diameter | COPD, restrictive lung disease | 273 | Identify relationship between lung disease (restrictive and obstructive) and parameters on DCR | 4 |
| Tanaka et al. [32] | Observational | Ventilation, perfusion | Lung cancer | 42 | To assess the ability of DCR to detect ventilatory impairment using pixel value change, compared with ventilation/perfusion imaging | 5 |
| Ueyama et al. [33] | Case control | Lung volume measurement | Interstitial lung disease | 97 | To evaluate the ability of DCR to predict forced vital capacity | 7 |
| FitzMaurice et al. [34] | Observational | Diaphragm motion, lung areas | Cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis | 20 | To describe diaphragm motion in individuals undergoing treatment for a pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis | 7 |
DCR dynamic chest radiography, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
*Point-by-point score is listed in the Additional file 1