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Comparison of VAS scores in three groups ( ± SD).
| Indicator | Time | Group R | Group D | Group C | F | Effect size | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T5 | 3.24 ± 0.61 | 3.20 ± 0.53 | 3.63 ± 0.65* | 5.555 | 0.035 (−0.31 ~ 0.38) | 0.005 | |
| VAS | T6 | 2.32 ± 0.47 | 2.29 ± 0.46 | 2.54 ± 0.51 | 2.920 | 0.038 (−0.24 ~ 0.32) | 0.058 |
| T7 | 1.09 ± 0.29 | 1.06 ± 0.24 | 1.14 ± 0.36 | 0.747 | 0.031 (−0.14 ~ 0.20) | 0.476 |
*Comparison with group R, p < 0.05; effect size presented as difference in means between groups R and D (95% CI).
