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. 2023 Jun 5;10:1205475. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1205475

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© 2023 Masenga and Kirabo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Angiotensin II formation and effects on blood pressure. Angiotensinogen is produced by the liver and converted to angiotensin I by the action of renin produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II via angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II binds to its receptors to induce several activities such as inflammation, vasoconstriction oxidative stress and reabsorption of water and sodium leading to elevated blood pressure and hypertension; MAS, marker assisted selected.