Table 3.
Combined effects of the number of natural teeth and denture use on all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
| Characteristic | Number of deaths (Incidence rate, per 1,000 person-year, %) | Unadjusted model | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| 20+ | 214 (56.7) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 10–19 with dentures | 51 (51.9) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) | 0.87 (0.64–1.18) |
| 10–19 without dentures | 206 (96.4) | 1.71 (1.41–2.07) | 1.21 (1.00–1.47) | 1.17 (0.96–1.42) | 1.16 (0.96–1.41) |
| 1–9 with dentures | 122 (80.6) | 1.43 (1.14–1.78) | 1.21 (0.97–1.51) | 1.18 (0.94–1.48) | 1.17 (0.93–1.46) |
| 1–9 without dentures | 535 (174.4) | 3.10 (2.65–3.64) | 1.51 (1.28–1.79) | 1.47 (1.24–1.74) | 1.48 (1.25–1.75) |
| 0 with dentures | 402 (130.2) | 2.31 (1.95–2.72) | 1.39 (1.17–1.65) | 1.35 (1.14–1.60) | 1.37 (1.15–1.62) |
| 0 without dentures | 596 (266.9) | 4.79 (4.09–5.60) | 1.80 (1.52–2.14) | 1.71 (1.44–2.03) | 1.71 (1.44–2.03) |
| p-value for trenda | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Cardiovascular disease mortality | |||||
| 20+ | 45 (13.2) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 10–19 with dentures | 14 (15.6) | 1.17 (0.64–2.14) | 1.15 (0.63–2.10) | 1.17 (0.64–2.14) | 1.26 (0.69–2.30) |
| 10–19 without dentures | 46 (25.4) | 1.91 (1.27–2.88) | 1.28 (0.84–1.93) | 1.25 (0.83–1.90) | 1.30 (0.86–1.98) |
| 1–9 with dentures | 26 (19.6) | 1.48 (0.91–2.40) | 1.21 (0.75–1.97) | 1.19 (0.73–1.93) | 1.21 (0.74–1.97) |
| 1–9 without dentures | 113 (48.9) | 3.64 (2.57–5.14) | 1.56 (1.08–2.25) | 1.55 (1.07–2.24) | 1.65 (1.14–2.38) |
| 0 with dentures | 87 (34.9) | 2.60 (1.81–3.73) | 1.45 (1.00–2.10) | 1.41 (0.98–2.05) | 1.55 (1.07–2.25) |
| 0 without dentures | 104 (74.2) | 5.48 (3.87–7.78) | 1.75 (1.20–2.56) | 1.69 (1.15–2.47) | 1.85 (1.26–2.71) |
| p-value for trenda | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.003 | |
| Respiratory disease mortality | |||||
| 20+ | 30 (8.9) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 10–19 with dentures | 8 (9.1) | 1.02 (0.47–2.23) | 1.01 (0.46–2.21) | 0.94 (0.43–2.06) | 0.94 (0.42–2.07) |
| 10–19 without dentures | 25 (14.1) | 1.59 (0.93–2.70) | 1.13 (0.66–1.94) | 1.01 (0.59–1.75) | 1.02 (0.59–1.78) |
| 1–9 with dentures | 8 (6.2) | 0.70 (0.32–1.52) | 0.62 (0.28–1.35) | 0.61 (0.28–1.33) | 0.57 (0.26–1.25) |
| 1–9 without dentures | 54 (24.6) | 2.74 (1.75–4.28) | 1.55 (0.96–2.48) | 1.46 (0.91–2.36) | 1.47 (0.91–2.37) |
| 0 with dentures | 41 (17.1) | 1.90 (1.19–3.05) | 1.28 (0.79–2.08) | 1.21 (0.74–1.96) | 1.22 (0.75–1.98) |
| 0 without dentures | 50 (37.1) | 4.10 (2.61–6.46) | 1.80 (1.10–2.96) | 1.63 (0.99–2.68) | 1.75 (1.06–2.87) |
| p-value for trenda | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.09 | |
| Cancer mortality | |||||
| 20+ | 17 (5.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 10–19 with dentures | 6 (6.8) | 1.35 (0.53–3.43) | 1.36 (0.53–3.47) | 1.32 (0.52–3.37) | 1.14 (0.44–3.00) |
| 10–19 without dentures | 14 (8.0) | 1.58 (0.78–3.21) | 1.67 (0.82–3.44) | 1.75 (0.85–3.59) | 1.74 (0.84–3.59) |
| 1–9 with dentures | 11 (8.4) | 1.66 (0.78–3.55) | 1.76 (0.82–3.79) | 1.71 (0.80–3.70) | 1.64 (0.76–3.55) |
| 1–9 without dentures | 23 (10.8) | 2.12 (1.13–3.96) | 2.36 (1.22–4.59) | 2.30 (1.18–4.49) | 2.35 (1.20–4.57) |
| 0 with dentures | 26 (10.9) | 2.15 (1.17–3.96) | 2.30 (1.23–4.33) | 2.17 (1.15–4.10) | 2.27 (1.20–4.29) |
| 0 without dentures | 10 (7.9) | 1.56 (0.71–3.40) | 1.77 (0.76–4.10) | 1.72 (0.74–4.00) | 1.77 (0.76–4.11) |
| p-value for trenda | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Other cause mortality | |||||
| 20+ | 122 (34.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 10–19 with dentures | 23 (25.0) | 0.73 (0.47–1.14) | 0.68 (0.44–1.07) | 0.67 (0.43–1.05) | 0.66 (0.42–1.03) |
| 10–19 without dentures | 121 (61.4) | 1.80 (1.40–2.32) | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) | 1.14 (0.88–1.47) | 1.13 (0.87–1.45) |
| 1–9 with dentures | 77 (53.8) | 1.58 (1.19–2.10) | 1.27 (0.95–1.69) | 1.22 (0.91–1.62) | 1.2 (0.90–1.60) |
| 1–9 without dentures | 345 (126.4) | 3.72 (3.03–4.58) | 1.50 (1.21–1.87) | 1.45 (1.17–1.81) | 1.45 (1.17–1.81) |
| 0 with dentures | 248 (88.7) | 2.60 (2.10–3.23) | 1.41 (1.13–1.76) | 1.35 (1.08–1.69) | 1.38 (1.10–1.72) |
| 0 without dentures | 432 (218.1) | 6.45 (5.27–7.89) | 1.90 (1.53–2.37) | 1.78 (1.43–2.22) | 1.76 (1.41–2.20) |
| p-value for trenda | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. Model 1: adjusted for baseline age, sex, residence, living arrangement, economic status, education, and marital status. Model 2: further adjusted for smoking status, drinking status, regular exercise, fruit intake, vegetable intake, meat intake, fish intake, and egg intake. Model 3: further adjusted for body mass index, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, respiratory disease, and cancer.
a
Test for trend based on the variable containing the median value for each group.