Table 3.
Comparison of clinical features between patients with sequelae and without sequelae.
| Non-sequelae n=39 |
With sequelae n=54 |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Onset age (median (IQR), y) | 6(3.5) | 5(4) | 0.111 |
| Interval from onset to diagnosis (median (IQR), days) | 19(13) | 19(13) | 0.330 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Seizure (N (%)) | 15(27.8) | 15(38.5) | 0.277 |
| Dysphagia (N (%)) | 2(3.7) | 2(5.1) | 0.738 |
| Unilateral visual deficits (N (%)) | 4(7.4) | 6(15.4) | 0.311 |
| Bilateral visual deficits (N (%)) | 12(22.2) | 7(17.9) | 0.614 |
| Limbs paralysis (N (%)) | 29(53.7) | 15(38.5) | 0.146 |
| Bowel and bladder dysfunction (N (%)) | 9(16.7) | 5(12.8) | 0.609 |
| Brainstem damage symptom (N (%)) | 3(5.6) | 2(5.1) | 1.000 |
| Laboratory investigation outcome | |||
| CSF WBC (median (IQR), x106/L) | 47(73) | 30(89) | 0.326 |
| CSF Protein (median (IQR), g/L) | 0.37(0.25) | 0.34(0.27) | 0.564 |
| MOG antibody titer (median (IQR)) | 32(90) | 100(79) | 0.009 |
| Duration of persistent MOG antibody positive (median (IQR), months) | 3(3) | 6(3) | 0.010 |
| Anti-NMDAR antibody (Positive, N (%)) | 8(14.8) | 3(7.7) | 0.384 |
| Lesions in MRI | |||
| Cortical gray matter (N (%)) | 21(38.9) | 17(43.6) | 0.649 |
| Subcortical WM (N (%)) | 24(44.4) | 18(46.2) | 0.870 |
| Deep WM (N (%)) | 15(27.8) | 12(30.8) | 0.754 |
| Thalamus (N (%)) | 17(31.5) | 5(12.8) | 0.037 |
| Basal ganglia (N (%)) | 23(42.6) | 19(48.7) | 0.558 |
| Brainstem (N (%)) | 18(33.3) | 11(28.2) | 0.598 |
| Optic nerve (N (%)) | 8(14.8) | 10(25.6) | 0.192 |
| Spinal cord (N (%)) | 11(20.4) | 9(23.1) | 0.754 |
| Lesion size (>2cm, N (%)) | 38(70.4) | 29(74.4) | 0.672 |
| Gadolinium enhancement (N (%)) | 22(40.7) | 15(38.5) | 0.852 |
| Acute treatment and outcome | |||
| EDSS at onset (median (IQR)) | 6.5(3.5) | 6(3) | 0.778 |
| EDSS after acute treatment (median (IQR)) | 1(2) | 2(1) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up | |||
| EDSS at last follow-up (median (IQR)) | 0(0) | 1(1) | <0.001 |
| Relapse (N (%)) | 8(14.8) | 15(38.5) | 0.009 |
ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; CRP, C-reactive protein; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; IVMP, intravenous methylprednisolone; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MRI, magnetic resonance image; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; OCB, oligoclonal bands; ON, optic neuritis; WBC, white blood cell; WM, white matter.