Table 2.
Antimicrobial bioactive peptides against M. tuberculosis.
| AMP | MIC in M. tuberculosis (μM) | Cytotoxicity (μM) | Highlights | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IP-1 | 32 | HEK293T and MEF: 50 | It induces autophagy of infected macrophages | Coyotl et al. (2020), De Pontes et al. (2022) |
| B1CTcu5 | 5.54 | THP1: 6.62–662 | It induces cavitation of the mycobacterial cell wall. | Abraham et al. (2020) |
| NZX | 6.3 | Monocytes: >100 | It reduces the bacterial load within 5 days of treatment. | Mustafa et al. (2022) |
| S760 | 0.018 | Macrophages: 100 | Produced by lactic acid bacteria, it has immunomodulation action. | Sharma et al. (2019) |
| 1PNB | * | - | It is a competitive inhibitor against glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase of M. tuberculosis. | Mustafa et al. (2022) |
| LL-37 | 1.11′ | Eukaryotic cells: down to15 | It resides in lysosomes and disrupts the mycobacterial cell wall | Deshpande et al. (2020) |
| Ub2 | * | J774 A.1: 500 | In addition to proteases and lipases in the lysosomal lumen, it can promote mycobacterial killing. | Alonso et al. (2007), Singh et al. (2019) |
| Hcl2 | 3.72 | THP-1: 99.3 | It is derived from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 and disintegrates the mycobacterial cell wall. | Samuchiwal et al. (2014) |
| VpAmp1.0 | 17.4 | Red blood cells: 9.2 | This AMP is derived from the venom glands of the scorpion Vaejovis punctatus. | Ramírez-Carreto et al. (2015) |
| VpAmp1.1 | 5.4 | Red blood cells: 33.7 | It is a variant of VpAmp1.0, with better biological activities. | Ramírez-Carreto et al. (2015) |
| VpAmp2.0 | 21.4 | Red blood cells: 167 | It is a variant of VpAmp1.0, with better biological activities. | Ramírez-Carreto et al. (2015) |
| VpAmp2.1 | 13.6 | Red blood cells: 103.5 | It is a variant of a peptide derived from Vaejovis punctatus. | Ramírez-Carreto et al. (2015) |
| Buforin I | > 12,2 | HSF: 331 e 6,620 | It is derived from Bufo bufo gargarizans; it has antibacterial and antifungal activity. | Portell-Buj et al. (2019), Roshanak et al. (2021) |
| Mastoparan | 43.3 | Hemolytic activity: 331 | It is derived from Vespula lewisii; it has antibacterial activity. | Portell-Buj et al. (2019), Rungsa et al. (2022) |
| Histatin 5 | * | MMP-2 and MMP-9: 0.57 and 0.25 | It is secreted by parotid and submandibular glands; it has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity. | Gusman et al. (2001), Portell-Buj et al. (2019), Ikonomova et al. (2020) |
| Magainin I | * | HT29: 74.9 | It is derived from Xenopus laevis; it has antibacterial and antiviral activity. | Portell-Buj et al. (2019), Hassan et al. (2021) |
| Magainin II | * | PBMC: 132 | It is derived from Xenopus laevis; it has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity. | Horváti et al. (2017), Portell-Buj et al. (2019) |
| Cecropin PI | * | PBMC: 1324 | It is derived from Ascaris suum; it has antibacterial activity. | Han et al. (2011), Portell-Buj et al. (2019) |
| Cecropin A | > 44 | Erythrocytes: 1118.78 | It is derived Hyalophora cecropia; it has antibacterial and antiviral activity. | Wei et al. (2016), Portell-Buj et al. (2019) |
| Cecropin B | * | RAW264.7: > 25 | It is derived Antheraea pernyi; it has antibacterial and antifungal activity. | Wang et al. (2018), Portell-Buj et al. (2019) |
| Melittin | > 45.7 | PBMC: 0.941 | It is derived from Apis mellifera; it has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity. | Horváti et al. (2017), Portell-Buj et al. (2019) |
| HNP1 | * | Kidney cells: 29 | Synergistic activity with LL-37. | Kalita et al. (2004), Drab and Sugihara (2020) |
| Callyaerin A | 2 | THP-1 and MRC-5: <10 | It is derived from Callyspongia aerizusa | Daletos et al. (2015) |
| Callyaerin B | 5 | THP-1 and MRC-5: <5 | It is derived from Callyspongia aerizusa | Daletos et al. (2015) |
| Callyaerin C | 40 | THP-1 and MRC-5: <100 | It is derived from Callyspongia aerizusa | Daletos et al. (2015) |
| Laterosporulin10 | 0.31–4.0 | Blood cells >20 and mammalian cells >30 | Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Brevibacillus sp. | Baindara et al. (2016) |
*
Values just in μg/mL without molar mass in the reference.