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. 2023 May 27;15(5):745–756. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i5.745

Table 1.

Summary table of all studies reporting on anastomotic leakage and outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery

Ref.
Study
Period
Cancer
Patients
LR
DR
OS
CSS
DFS
30 d mortality
Follow-up (mo)
Stage
Leak's definition
AL rate (%)
LR rate (%)
Multivariate analysis
Phillips et al[35], 1984 PCS 1976-1980 C + R 1627 Yes No No No No No ≥ 60 I, II, III NR 8 14 No
Sauven et al[36], 1989 RCS 1978-1981 C + R 53 Yes No No No No No 36 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 19 13 No
Amato et al[37], 1991 PCS 1981-1995 R 78 Yes No No No No No ≥ 24 I, II, III Clin, Rad 17 12 No
Akyol et al[38], 1991 RCS 1985-1989 C + R 167 Yes Yes No Yes No No 25 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 19 18 Yes
Fujita et al[39], 1993 PCS 1970-1991 C/R 980 Yes Yes No No Yes No NR I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 3 3 Yes
Pakkastie et al[100], 1995 PCS 1981-1990 R 116 Yes No Yes No Yes No 48 I, II, III Clin, Rad 16 28 No
Petersen et al[40], 1998 RCS 1985-1995 C + R 331 Yes No Yes Yes No Yes 32 I, II, III, IV Clin 8 9 Yes
Merkel et al[70], 2001 RCS 1978-1996 R 814 Yes No No Yes No No 90 I, II, III Clin 11 14 Yes
Bell et al[101], 2003 PCS 1971-1991 R 401 Yes No No No No No ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad 13 12 Yes
Law et al[102], 2004 PCS 1993-2002 R 622 Yes No No Yes No No 39, 6 I, II, III Clin, Rad, Endo 6 10 Yes
Walker et al[43], 2004 PCS 1971-1999 C + R 1722 No No Yes No No No ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad 5 NR Yes
Branagan et al[41], 2005 PCS 1991-1995 C/R 1834 Yes No Yes No No No ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad 4 10 Yes
Eriksen et al[92], 2005 PCS 1993-1999 R 1958 Yes No Yes No No Yes 45 I, II, III Clin, Rad 12 11 Yes
McArdle et al[42], 2005 PCS 1991-1994 C + R 2235 No No Yes Yes No Yes ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad 4 NR Yes
Choi et al[44], 2006 PCS 1996-2004 C + R 1417 No No Yes No No No NR I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 2 NR Yes
Ptok et al[90], 2007 RCS 2000-2001 R 2044 Yes No No No Yes Yes 40 I, II, III Clin, Rad, Endo 15 6 Yes
Law et al[45], 2007 PCS 1996-2004 C + R 1580 Yes Yes No Yes No Yes 46 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 4 6 Yes
Jung et al[71], 2008 RCS 1997-2003 R 1391 No No Yes Yes No No 40 I, II, III Clin, Rad 3 10 No
Lee et al[79], 2008 PCS 1996-2004 R 1278 Yes No Yes No Yes No 45 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad, Endo 4 NR Yes
den Dulk et al[87], 2009 RCS 1987-2002 R 2726 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 71 I, II, III Clin, Rad, Endo 10 9 Yes
Eberhardt et al[46], 2009 PCS 1979-2007 C/R 468 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 94 I, II, III Clin, Rad 33 6 Yes
Marra et al[47], 2009 RCS 1991-2004 C 440 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 63 I, II, III Clin, Rad 3 6 No
Bertelsen et al[32], 2010 PCS 2001-2004 R 1494 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes 45 I, II, III Clin, Rad, Endo 11 7 Yes
Kube et al[48], 2010 PCS 2000-2004 C 28271 No No Yes No Yes Yes 23 NR Clin, Rad 3 NR No
Boccola et al[49], 2011 PCS 1984-2004 C + R 1576 No No Yes Yes Yes No 67 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 7 NR Yes
Jörgren et al[72], 2011 PCS 1995-1997 R 250 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad, Endo 9 8 Yes
Katoh et al[50], 2011 RCS 1990-2000 C/R 207 No No No No Yes No 116 II Clin, Rad 6 NR Yes
Lin et al[80], 2011 PCS 1993-2003 R 999 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad 5 5 Yes
Smith et al[73], 2012 RCS 1991-2010 R 1127 Yes No Yes Yes No Yes 74 I, II, III Clin, Rad 4 5 Yes
Smith et al[103], 2013 RCS 1992-2010 R 184 Yes No Yes Yes No No 30 IV Clin, Rad 7 13 Yes
Krarup et al[59], 2014 RCS 2001-2008 C 8589 Yes Yes Yes No No No ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad 6 10 Yes
Bakker et al[104], 2014 RCS 2009-2011 C 15667 No No No No No Yes NR I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 8 NR Yes
Jäger et al[81], 2015 RCS 2003-2010 R 108 No No Yes Yes Yes No 70 I, II, III Clin, Rad 18 NR Yes
Ke et al[78], 2015 RCS 2007-2011 R 653 Yes Yes No No Yes No 47 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 6 4 Yes
Ebinger et al[74], 2015 RCS 1991-2010 R 584 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 62 I, II, III Clin, Rad, Endo 11 17 Yes
Jannasch et al[84], 2015 PCS 2000-2010 R 17867 Yes No Yes No Yes No 30 I, II, III Clin, Rad 12 9 Yes
Nachiappan et al[52], 2015 PCS 2004-2013 C + R 1048 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 40 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 9 2 Yes
Kang et al[82], 2015 RCS 2006-2009 R 1083 Yes No Yes No Yes Yes 54 I, II, III Clin, Rad 6 2 Yes
Kulu et al[85], 2015 RCS 2002-2011 R 570 Yes No Yes No No No 56 I, II, III Clin, Rad, Endo 9 4 Yes
Krarup et al[60], 2015 RCS 2001-2008 C 8597 No No No No No Yes ≥ 60 I, II, III Clin, Rad 6 NR Yes
Lim et al[93], 2015 RCS 2007-2011 R 2510 No No Yes No No No 33 I, II, III, IV Clin 6 NR Yes
Kim et al[53], 2015 RCS 2008-2013 C + R 809 Yes Yes Yes No No Yes NR I, II, III Clin, Rad 4 4 Yes
Espín et al[77], 2015 RCS 2006-2008 R 1181 Yes No Yes Yes No Yes 60 I, II, III Clin 9 5 Yes
Breugom et al[54], 2016 RCS 2006-2008 C 761 No No Yes No Yes No 60 I, II, III NR 5 NR Yes
Park et al[56], 2016 RCS 2000-2011 C/R 10477 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 45 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 3 2 Yes
Sammour et al[65], 2018 PCS 1988-2015 C/R 4892 Yes No Yes Yes No Yes 60 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 4 C = 5/R = 2 Yes
Noh et al[88], 2016 RCS 2006-2012 R 1258 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 50 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 8 5 Yes
Nordholm et al[61], 2017 RCS 2009-2013 C/R 774 No No Yes No No Yes 36 IV Clin, Rad 9 NR Yes
Goto et al[66], 2017 RCS 2007-2008 C 3364 Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes 96 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 3 1 Yes
Hain et al[91], 2017 RCS 2005-2014 R 428 Yes No No No No Yes 40 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 28 8 Yes
Hüttner et al[51], 2018 RCS 2001-2014 C 628 No No Yes No Yes No 60 I, II, III Rad 4 NR Yes
Voron et al[57], 2019 RCS 1990-2015 C 1025 No No Yes No Yes No 60 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 4 NR Yes
Boström et al[94], 2018 RCS 2007-2016 R 6948 No No Yes No No No 60 I, II, III, IV NR 10 NR Yes
Ng et al[62], 2018 RCS 2002-2015 C + R 843 No No Yes No No Yes 150 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 6 NR Yes
Ramphal et al[58], 2018 RCS 2005-2015 C + R 1984 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 48 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 8 2 Yes
Furnée et al[86], 2019 RCS 2011 R 746 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 42 I, II, III Rad 14 4 Yes
Allaix et al[83], 2020 RCS 1998-2013 R 532 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 80 I, II, III Clin, Rad 8 6 Yes
Zimmermann et al[55], 2019 RCS 2001-2014 C + R 1122 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 63 I, II, III, IV NR 8 1 Yes
Jang et al[76], 2019 RCS 2000-2013 R 698 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 48 I, II, III Clin, Rad 7 17 Yes
Crippa et al[75], 2020 RCS 2000-2013 R 787 Yes No Yes Yes Yes No 64 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad 5 2 Yes
Kryzauskas et al[69], 2020 PCS 2014-2018 C/R 900 No No Yes No Yes Yes NR I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad, Endo C = 5/R = 11 NR Yes
Dulskas et al[95], 2022 RCS 2014-2018 C 488 No No Yes No No No 48 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad, Endo 5 NR Yes
Arron et al[96], 2022 RCS 2008-2018 C/R 88154 No No No Yes Yes No NR I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad C = 5/R = 8 NR Yes
Koedam et al[97], 2022 RCS 1997-2010 C/R 1832 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 60 I, II, III (No T4) Clin, Rad C = 3/R = 11 C = 15/R = 13 Yes
Peltrini et al[89], 2022 RCS 2011-2017 R 367 Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 60 I, II, III, IV Clin, Rad, Endo 17 23 Yes

AL: Anastomotic leakage; LR: Local recurrence; DR: Distant recurrence; OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cancer-specific survival; DFS: Disease-free survival; PCS: Prospective cohort study; RCS: Retrospective cohort study; C: Colon cancer; R: rectal cancer; C + R: Colon and rectal cancer analyzed together; C/R: Colon and rectal cancer analyzed separately; NR: Not reported; Clin: Clinical; Rad: Radiological; Endo: Endoscopic.