Table 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios of Appointment No-Show for COVID Period
| VARIABLE | PRE-COVID |
COVID |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aORs | 95% CI | p | aORs | 95% CI | p | ||
| Basic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (ref <46 years old) | |||||||
| 46–60 | 0.73 | 0.50–1.06 | 0.100 | 0.83 | 0.54–1.28 | 0.405 | |
| 61–75 | 0.49 | 0.33–0.73 | 0.001 | 0.39 | 0.24–0.63 | 0.000 | |
| >75 | 0.69 | 0.40–1.18 | 0.171 | 0.40 | 0.21–0.79 | 0.008 | |
| Female (ref: male) | 1.20 | 0.94–1.53 | 0.151 | — | |||
| Race (ref: black) | |||||||
| White | 0.38 | 0.28–0.50 | 0.000 | 0.67 | 0.47–0.96 | 0.029 | |
| Others | 0.70 | 0.46–1.06 | 0.091 | 0.87 | 0.48–1.56 | 0.632 | |
| Ethnicity as Hispanic (ref: not Hispanic) | — | — | |||||
| DM related | |||||||
| HbA1c (ref: uncontrolled) | |||||||
| Controlled | 0.62 | 0.48–0.80 | 0.000 | 0.72 | 0.51–1.02 | 0.061 | |
| Missing | 1.15 | 0.83–1.58 | 0.398 | 2.30 | 1.39–3.79 | 0.001 | |
| HbA1c drawn month (ref: 1–3 months ago) | |||||||
| Missing | — | Omitted | |||||
| 4–6 | 1.92 | 1.31–2.80 | 0.001 | ||||
| 7–9 | 2.26 | 1.46–3.49 | 0.000 | ||||
| 10–12 | 1.68 | 0.92–3.08 | 0.093 | ||||
| BMI (ref: BMI ≤24.9) | |||||||
| Overweight | 0.87 | 0.59–1.28 | 0.481 | 0.89 | 0.53–1.52 | 0.678 | |
| Class 1 obesity | 1.09 | 0.74–1.61 | 0.664 | 1.13 | 0.67–189 | 0.655 | |
| Class 2 obesity | 0.70 | 0.46–1.07 | 0.101 | 0.86 | 0.49–1.50 | 0.599 | |
| Class 3 obesity | 0.97 | 0.62–1.51 | 0.883 | 0.88 | 0.49–1.56 | 0.650 | |
| Missing | 36.96 | 6.58–207.51 | 0.000 | 2.47 | 1.05–5.78 | 0.037 | |
| Medication (ref: any insulin) | |||||||
| No medication | 1.17 | 0.73–1.87 | 0.524 | 1.10 | 0.67–1.80 | 0.703 | |
| Metformin only | 0.88 | 0.51–1.53 | 0.654 | 1.22 | 0.84–1.98 | 0.648 | |
| More than metformin but no insulin | 0.92 | 0.64–1.31 | 0.628 | 0.55 | 0.38–0.84 | 0.049 | |
| DM complications (ref: no complications ICD10) | — | — | |||||
| Health utilization | |||||||
| ED visit in prior 12 months (ref: no) | 1.56 | 1.15–2.12 | 0.004 | 1.53 | 1.01–2.31 | 0.046 | |
| Hospitalization in prior 12 months (ref: no) | 1.12 | 0.81–1.54 | 0.505 | 1.29 | 0.84–1.98 | 0.253 | |
| Active patient portal account (ref: inactive) | 0.54 | 0.40–0.73 | 0.000 | 0.57 | 0.38–0.84 | 0.005 | |
| Other health behavior | |||||||
| Smoking status (ref: active) | |||||||
| Never | 0.40 | 0.27–0.59 | 0.000 | 1.16 | 0.71–1.89 | 0.566 | |
| Quit | 0.53 | 0.36–0.78 | 0.001 | 0.99 | 0.59–1.67 | 0.979 | |
| Not asked, missing | 0.34 | 0.07–1.64 | 0.180 | 1.87 | 0.64–5.48 | 0.256 | |
| Alcohol status (ref: active) | |||||||
| Never | 1.23 | 0.95–1.59 | 0.111 | 1.14 | 0.82–1.60 | 0.438 | |
| Quit | 0.93 | 0.48–1.79 | 0.818 | 0.61 | 0.32–1.17 | 0.140 | |
| Not asked | 0.87 | 0.40–1.88 | 0.719 | 1.17 | 0.50–2.76 | 0.718 | |
| Recreational drug status (ref: active) | |||||||
| Never | 0.61 | 0.35–1.07 | 0.085 | — | |||
| Quit | 2.03 | 0.67–6.19 | 0.212 | ||||
| Not asked | 1.15 | 0.52–2.54 | 0.724 | ||||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Had a depression ICD10 (ref: no) | — | 1.45 | 0.98–2.15 | 0.062 | |||
| Other SDOHs | |||||||
| Insurance: (ref: commercial and others) | |||||||
| Medicare | 1.08 | 0.81–1.45 | 0.604 | 1.57 | 1.06–2.32 | 0.025 | |
| Medicaid | 1.68 | 1.14–2.48 | 0.009 | 1.42 | 0.89–2.26 | 0.140 | |
| Married (ref: single, unknown) | 0.82 | 0.63–1.06 | 0.125 | 0.76 | 0.55–1.06 | 0.110 | |
| Home distance ≤30 miles (ref: >30 miles) | 1.63 | 1.11–2.42 | 0.014 | 1.15 | 0.70–1.88 | 0.589 | |
| Health provider factors | |||||||
| Scheduled with a NP (ref: physician) | 1.36 | 1.08–1.71 | 0.009 | 2.20 | 1.56–3.11 | 0.000 | |
| Health system factor-scheduling lag | |||||||
| Scheduling lag (ref: ≤7 days) | |||||||
| 8–30 | 1.34 | 0.92–1.97 | 0.131 | 1.45 | 1.05–2.00 | 0.025 | |
| 31–90 | 2.24 | 1.56–3.22 | 0.000 | 1.04 | 0.67–1.62 | 0.866 | |
| ≥91 | 2.96 | 2.04–4.29 | 0.000 | 1.85 | 1.04–3.30 | 0.037 | |
| Health system factor-visit factors | |||||||
| Telehealth as delivery mode (ref: in-person) | — | 0.40 | 0.29–0.57 | 0.000 | |||
aORs, adjusted odds ratios.