Table 3.
Associations Between Demographic Characteristics and Contraception Source Preference Groups Among Women Aged 18–44 Years in Arizona, New Jersey, and Wisconsin (Pooled N = 2804), 2019–2020
| Narrow preference for obtaining contraception in-person from a health care providera |
Preference for obtaining contraception via telemedicineb |
Preference for obtaining contraception via telehealthc |
Preferences for obtaining contraception via a pharmacyd |
Preferences for obtaining contraception via innovative strategiese |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted % | aOR (95% CI) | Weighted % | aOR (95% CI) | Weighted % | aOR (95% CI) | Weighted % | aOR (95% CI) | Weighted% | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 24% | 19% | 64% | 71% | 25% | |||||
| State | ||||||||||
| Arizona | 34% | Ref. | 38% | Ref. | 33% | Ref. | 33% | Ref. | 36% | Ref. |
| New Jersey | 32% | 1.09 (0.74–1.61) | 33% | 0.57 (0.40–0.81) | 40% | 1.02 (0.74–1.40) | 40% | 1.02 (0.73–1.45) | 39% | 0.96 (0.69–1.35) |
| Wisconsin | 34% | 1.32 (0.94–1.86) | 29% | 0.66 (0.47–0.93) | 27% | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 27% | 0.72 (0.52–0.99) | 25% | 0.78 (0.55–1.10) |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age, years | ||||||||||
| 18–24 | 27% | Ref. | 21% | Ref. | 28% | Ref. | 29% | Ref. | 35% | Ref. |
| 25–29 | 22% | 1.11 (0.69–1.77) | 26% | 1.47 (0.92–2.37) | 23% | 0.96 (0.64–1.42) | 23% | 0.77 (0.48–1.25) | 22% | 0.74 (0.49–1.11) |
| 30–34 | 18% | 1.26 (0.75–2.12) | 22% | 1.53 (0.95–2.47) | 19% | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) | 19% | 0.67 (0.41–1.11) | 21% | 1.06 (0.70–1.61) |
| 35–39 | 17% | 1.11 (0.68–1.83) | 19% | 1.47 (0.90–2.42) | 18% | 0.9 (0.58–1.39) | 16% | 0.71 (0.43–1.19) | 15% | 0.7 (0.46–1.09) |
| 40–44 | 17% | 1.56 (0.93–2.60) | 12% | 0.94 (0.57–1.57) | 13% | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 13% | 0.57 (0.34–0.94) | 8% | 0.5 (0.31–0.80) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White non-Hispanic | 62% | Ref. | 66% | Ref. | 62% | Ref. | 65% | Ref. | 55% | Ref. |
| Black non-Hispanic | 7% | 1.1 (0.60–2.00) | 7% | 1.2 (0.64–2.24) | 5% | 0.73 (0.41–1.30) | 5% | 0.66 (0.38–1.15) | 7% | 1.4 (0.78–2.49) |
| Multiracial or other non-Hispanic | 8% | 0.96 (0.54–1.69) | 9% | 0.95 (0.57–1.58) | 10% | 1.2 (0.75–1.92) | 10% | 0.87 (0.49–1.54) | 13% | 1.8 (1.12–2.87) |
| Hispanic | 23% | 1.08 (0.72–1.64) | 18% | 0.79 (0.52–1.21) | 22% | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) | 21% | 0.87 (0.60–1.26) | 25% | 1.28 (0.87–1.88) |
| Sexual orientation | ||||||||||
| Straight | 92% | Ref. | 89% | Ref. | 88% | Ref. | 89% | Ref. | 84% | Ref. |
| Queer, pansexual, or other | 8% | 0.51 (0.31–0.85) | 11% | 1.15 (0.71–1.86) | 12% | 1.87 (1.22–2.86) | 11% | 1.61 (0.95–2.75) | 16% | 2.1 (1.39–3.16) |
| Educational attainment | ||||||||||
| HS graduate, GED, or less | 23% | Ref. | 8% | Ref. | 11% | Ref. | 11% | Ref. | 11% | Ref. |
| Some college or associate degree | 43% | 0.5 (0.31–0.81) | 41% | 1.68 (0.92–3.08) | 41% | 1.61 (1.05–2.48) | 43% | 1.89 (1.19–2.99) | 44% | 1.73 (1.01–2.98) |
| College graduate or more | 34% | 0.36 (0.22–0.59) | 51% | 1.89 (1.04–3.44) | 48% | 2.25 (1.45–3.48) | 46% | 1.97 (1.23–3.14) | 46% | 2.13 (1.23–3.69) |
| Employmentf | ||||||||||
| Employed | 75% | Ref. | 78% | Ref. | 78% | Ref. | 76% | Ref. | 74% | Ref. |
| Unemployed | 4% | 1.03 (0.45–2.36) | 2% | 0.77 (0.30–1.99) | 3% | 0.58 (0.27–1.21) | 3% | 0.94 (0.44–1.99) | 2% | 0.48 (0.22–1.05) |
| Out of the labor market | 21% | 1.07 (0.70–1.63) | 20% | 1.18 (0.80–1.73) | 20% | 1 (0.71–1.41) | 21% | 1.25 (0.85–1.84) | 24% | 1.37 (0.96–1.95) |
| Income as a % of the federal poverty level | ||||||||||
| Below 100% | 14% | Ref. | 8% | Ref. | 10% | Ref. | 10% | Ref. | 12% | Ref. |
| 100–199% | 19% | 0.82 (0.49–1.36) | 11% | 0.83 (0.45–1.53) | 13% | 1.23 (0.77–1.97) | 13% | 0.81 (0.49–1.36) | 12% | 0.72 (0.42–1.25) |
| 200% or higher | 67% | 0.74 (0.45–1.20) | 81% | 1.31 (0.73–2.38) | 77% | 1.34 (0.86–2.09) | 77% | 0.96 (0.58–1.57) | 76% | 0.91 (0.56–1.49) |
| Relationship status | ||||||||||
| Married | 39% | Ref. | 42% | Ref. | 41% | Ref. | 40% | Ref. | 33% | Ref. |
| Cohabiting | 25% | 0.96 (0.65–1.41) | 21% | 0.9 (0.62–1.30) | 21% | 0.95 (0.68–1.33) | 22% | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) | 23% | 1.28 (0.88–1.85) |
| Never married, not cohabiting | 34% | 1.04 (0.71–1.53) | 32% | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) | 34% | 1.12 (0.80–1.57) | 35% | 1.25 (0.86–1.81) | 41% | 1.58 (1.11–2.23) |
| Formerly married, not cohabiting | 3% | 0.67 (0.30–1.48) | 5% | 1.89 (0.98–3.64) | 3% | 1.49 (0.81–2.75) | 3% | 1.21 (0.63–2.33) | 3% | 1.59 (0.78–3.25) |
| Health insurance coverageg | ||||||||||
| None | 7% | Ref. | 5% | Ref. | 9% | Ref. | 7% | Ref. | 9% | Ref. |
| Private | 76% | 1.36 (0.79–2.35) | 83% | 1.48 (0.72–3.04) | 80% | 0.59 (0.36–0.97) | 82% | 2.28 (1.39–3.73) | 79% | 0.85 (0.50–1.42) |
| Public | 17% | 1.54 (0.83–2.86) | 12% | 1.59 (0.71–3.56) | 11% | 0.63 (0.36–1.13) | 11% | 1.81 (1.00–3.27) | 12% | 0.74 (0.40–1.37) |
| Current method useh | ||||||||||
| No contact with provider | 16% | Ref. | 28% | Ref. | 35% | Ref. | 32% | Ref. | 30% | Ref. |
| Minimal/initiation contact with provider | 52% | 6.38 (4.43–9.19) | 25% | 1.1 (0.75–1.59) | 18% | 0.3 (0.22–0.42) | 15% | 0.21 (0.15–0.30) | 22% | 0.86 (0.59–1.26) |
| Regular contact with provider | 32% | 1.21 (0.84–1.74) | 47% | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 47% | 0.66 (0.49–0.89) | 53% | 1.35 (0.98–1.86) | 48% | 0.96 (0.70–1.33) |
State samples include respondents who reported using contraception in the 3 months before the survey and who indicated at least one preference for a source of contraception; samples are weighted to reflect women aged 18–44 years within each state. aORs come from multivariable logistic regression models including all demographic characteristics listed.
Preference expressed for obtaining contraception through either a doctor visit or walk-in clinic appointment and no concurrent preference expressed for either telemedicine or telehealth (phone app or ordering online for home delivery).
Preference expressed for obtaining contraception via telemedicine. Any other preferences may be concurrently reported.
Preference expressed for obtaining contraception via either a phone app or through online ordering for a home delivery. Any other preferences may be concurrently reported.
Preference expressed for obtaining contraception via a pharmacy with a prescription from doctor or pharmacist, over the counter without a prescription or from a store. Any other preferences may be concurrently reported.
Preference expressed for obtaining contraception via innovative strategies include nontraditional delivery service such as Uber, drone or bike messenger, or from a vending machine. Any other preferences may be concurrently reported.
Respondents who were out of work for less than a year or more were considered to be unemployed and those who were retired or a -ime student or homemaker were considered to be out of the labor market.
Private insurance includes employer-based plans and plans purchased on the marketplace or exchange. Public insurance options include Medicaid, Medicare, Tricare, Indian Health Service, and State Family Planning Program.
No contact with a provider method includes any non-provider-involved method such as withdrawal, internal and external condoms, other barrier methods, fertility awareness-based methods, emergency contraceptives and spermicides, and vasectomy. Minimal/initiation contact with a provider method includes the implant, IUD, and tubal ligation. Regular contact with a provider method includes the pill, patch, ring, and Depo-Provera®.
aOR, adjusted odds ratios; CI, confidence interval.