Table 3.

Factors Associated with Serious Adverse Events in the Cohort

Covariates	Univariate, IRR (95% CI)	p	Multivariate, aIRR (95% CI)	p
PHIV	5.91 (2.97–11.77)	<.001	5.65 (2.89–11.05)	<.001
Sex, female	1.71 (0.93–3.15)	.08	1.79 (0.99–3.23)	.053
Age, <20 years	1.60 (1.01–2.52)	.05	1.67 (1.05–2.63)	.029
BMI, <18.5 kg/m2	1.76 (1.09–2.83)	.02
Highest education level		.001
Grades 1–12	Ref
Preuniversity/university	0.14 (0.04–0.47)
Nonformal education	0.32 (0.14–0.74)
Alcohol use, ever	0.44 (0.23–0.84)	.01
Cigarette smoking, ever	1.15 (0.7–1.89)	.58
Recreational drug use, ever	1.11 (0.64–1.94)	.71
Laboratory-diagnosed STIs and HR-HPV	1.56 (0.98–2.47)	.06
Laboratory-diagnosed STIs	1.91 (1.16–3.14)	.01
Any HR-HPVa	1.72 (1.09–2.73)	.02
HPV 16 and/or 18 onlyb	2.03 (1.26–3.26)	.004	1.91 (1.19–1.06)	.007
PHIV cohort
Sex, female	2.06 (1.05–4.03)	.03
Age, <20 years	1.39 (0.85–2.28)	.19
BMI, <18.5 kg/m2	1.31 (0.78–2.18)	.30
CD4, cells/mm3		<.001		.001
<200	8.38 (4.98–14.13)		3.35 (1.62–6.95)
200–350	0.84 (0.26–2.70)		0.54 (0.16–1.85)
≥350	Ref		ref
HIV-RNA, ≥1,000 copies/mL	5.80 (3.41–9.87)	<.001	3.25 (1.60–6.61)	.001
Adherence to ART, <95%	5.28 (3.04–9.17)	<.001
WHO stages 3 or 4 vs. 1 or 2	3.90 (2.13–7.16)	<.001	2.38 (1.24–4.59)	.01
Alcohol use, ever	0.54 (0.28–1.04)	.06	0.37 (0.19–0.71)	.003
Laboratory-diagnosed STIs and HR-HPV	1.60 (0.96–2.67)	.07
Laboratory-diagnosed STIs	1.66 (0.99–2.79)	.06
Any HR-HPVa	1.81 (1.09–3.02)	.02
HPV 16 and/or 18 only	2.20 (1.34–3.63)	.002	1.97 (1.16–3.33)	.012

^a HR-HPV includes genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68.

^b Among the 2 HPV-related variables, only HPV 16 and/or 18 was included in the adjusted models.

aIRR, adjusted incident rate ratio; CI, confidence interval.