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. 2023 Jun 2;26(6):757–767. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2022.0360

Table 3.

Distribution of Residential Care/Assisted Living Regulations at the Decedent and License Level

  Decedent level (N = 129,153), Frequency (%) License level (N = 143), Frequency (%)
Third-party services
 Allow hospice services 109,544 (84.8) 105 (73.4)
 Allow home health services 102,012 (79.0) 97 (67.8)
 Allow private care aide services 46,094 (35.7) 55 (38.5)
Staffing
 Require RNs 78,638 (60.9) 92 (64.3)
 Require LPN/LVNs 46,078 (35.7) 55 (38.5)
 Require minimum ratios/levels for DCWs 33,896 (26.2) 40 (28.0)
Medication management
 Require regular medication reviews 58,166 (45.0) 76 (53.2)
 Require RN/LPN/LVNs to administer oral medication
  Require 28,216 (21.9) 30 (21.0)
  Not require 10,557 (8.2) 8 (5.6)
  Silent 90,380 (69.9) 105 (73.4)
 Permit DCWs to assist with oral medication administration
  Permit 106,072 (82.1) 118 (82.5)
  Prohibit 10,034 (7.8) 7 (4.9)
  Silent 13,424 (10.1) 18 (12.6)
 Require RN/LPN/LVNs to administer injections
  Require 38,204 (29.6) 49 (34.3)
  Not require 12,841 (9.9) 9 (6.3)
  Silent 78,485 (60.5) 85 (59.4)
 Permit DCWs to administer injections
  Permit 24,453 (18.9) 25 (17.5)
  Prohibit 49,014 (38.0) 59 (41.3)
  Silent 55,686 (43.1) 59 (41.3)