Table 4.
Postoperative outcomes in preterm infants with surgical NEC stratified based on BPD status
| Variable | N | Overall n (%)/median (IQR) N = 92 | Non/mild BPD n (%)/median (IQR) N = 21 | Moderate-to-severe BPD n (%)/median (IQR) N = 71 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Ileus days (d) | 81 | 13 (9, 17) | 9.5 (7, 14) | 14.0 (10.0, 20.0) | 0.07 |
| Postoperative day at starting enteral feedings (d) | 80 | 14 (10, 18.5) | 10.0 (10.0, 14.0) | 14.0 (11.0, 21.0) | 0.11 |
| Day of attainment of full enteral feedings (120 mL/kg) | 67 | 67 (32, 89) | 58.0 (42.0, 65.0) | 73.5 (32, 106) | 0.024 |
| Duration of parenteral nutrition (d) | 92 | 95 (57.5, 140) | 55.0 (19.0, 70.0) | 109.0 (77.0, 147.0) | <.001 |
| Breast milk | 92 | 16 (17.4) | 1 (4.8) | 15 (21.1) | 0.107 |
| Donor milk | 92 | 21 (22.8) | 1 (4.8) | 20 (28.2) | 0.035 |
| Formula feeds | 92 | 51 (55.4) | 9 (42.9) | 42 (59.2) | 0.187 |
| Breast milk and formula feeds | 92 | 17 (18.5) | 3(14.3) | 14 (19.7) | 0.753 |
| Assisted ventilation (intubated) | 90 | 0.009 | |||
| Intubated | 78 (86.7) | 13 (68.4) | 65 (91.5) | ||
| High flow nasal cannula | 7 (7.8) | 2 (10.5) | 5 (7.0) | ||
| CPAP | 3 (3.3) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Room air | 2 (2.2) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| 24 h presser support | 92 | 70 (76.1) | 14 (66.7) | 56 (78.9) | 0.249 |
| Postnatal use of steroids | 92 | 56 (60.9) | 8 (38.1) | 48 (67.6) | 0.015 |
| Length of stay (d) | 92 | 133 (85, 178) | 64.0 (20.0, 91.0) | 161.0 (112.0, 186.0) | <.001 |
| Death | 92 | 22 (23.9) | 8 (38.1) | 14 (19.7) | 0.083 |
Abbreviations: BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IQR, interquartile range; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis.
Note: Categorical variables are presented as count (percentage). Continuous variables are presented as mean (standard deviation) and, if not normally distributed, as median with interquartile range. Continuous measures’ statistical associations with lung injury were evaluated with the Kruskal–Wallis test. Differences in categorical measures’ associations were tested using the Chi-square test when expected cell counts were adequate, otherwise Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact test were used with low expected cell counts. Bold values are statistically significant.