Table 6.

Factors associated with moderate-to-severe BPD with multiple logistic regression analysis

Multiple logistic regression (moderate-to-severe BPD vs. non-/mild BPD)
Effect	OR	95% CI		p-Value
		Lower CL	Upper CL
Birth weight (grams per standard deviation)	0.281	0.078	0.530	0.0013
Patent ductus arteriosus (present vs. absent)	10.276	1.614	65.412	0.0136
Any surgical morbidity (present vs. none)	4.593	0.748	28.185	0.0996
TPN days (per standard deviation of days)	8.822	1.961	42.992	0.005
Severe AKI vs. nonsevere AKI	4.769	0.768	29.609	0.0936

Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CI, confidence interval; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; OR, odds ratio; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.

Notes: Bold values are statistically significant.

Multiple logistic regression with stepwise selection (entry univariate significance level p ≤0.15) was performed, the retained variables with birth weight are listed above after selection. Candidate variables into the model include:

• Patent ductus arteriosus (present vs. absent).
• NEC age onset (per cohort standard deviation in days).
• Any surgical morbidity (present vs. none).
• TPN days (per cohort standard deviation in days).
• Severe AKI vs. nonsevere AKI.
• Higher degree of inflammation (present vs. absent).
• Time to surgery from NEC onset (per cohort standard deviation in days).
• Combined FiO_2.

Combined FiO₂ is defined as the combination of FiO₂ admission outborn and day 7 FiO₂. Higher degree of inflammation was defined as inflammation involving >25% of the specimen area. The OR and its 95% CI for the continuous variables were expressed as per standard deviation of the variable in the cohort.