Fig. 5 |. Decreased SM BCAA oxidation does not affect insulin sensitivity in mice fed HFD.

a, Labelling fraction of TCA cycle intermediates in the quadriceps of 5-h fasted mice 10 min after [U-¹³C]-labelled BCAA gavage; n = 8 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 8 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. b, Plasma BCAA concentration in mice fasted for 5 h or refed for 2 h after overnight fasting; n = 8 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 10 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. c, Plasma BCKAs in mice fasted for 5 h; n = 8 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 8 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. d, Fasting plasma pool size of BCAAs. e, Fasting plasma pool size of BCKAs. f, R_a of BCAAs during steady-state infusion of [U-¹³C]-labelled BCAAs before (basal, fasted for 5 h) and during (clamp, fasted for 7 h) HIEC; n = 6 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 6 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. g, Blood glucose. h, GIR. i, Steady-state GIR during HIEC; n = 6 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 6 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. j, Insulin concentration before and during HIEC; n = 6 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 6 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. k, IP-GTT (1.5 g kg⁻¹) after a BCAA gavage given at t = 0 in mice fasted for 5 h; n = 9 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 9 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. l, AUC for the GTT in k. m, 1 g kg⁻¹ IP-PTT in mice fasted for 16 h; n = 9 Dbt^loxP/loxP and n = 9 Dbt^loxP/loxP-HSA-CreER. n, AUC for the IP-PTT in l. Mice used in these experiments were male, 10–20-weeks old and were fed HFD for 4–8 weeks. Data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. When comparing two groups, a two-tailed Student’s t-test was used, with significance defined as **P < 0.01. For the experiments with multiple comparisons at different time points, a repeated measures, two-way ANOVA was used. a, Succinate P = 0.001778; malate P = 0.001027; glutamate P = 0.002092.