Table 1. Clinical characteristics of population of included studies .
| Study | Design | Sample size | Age | Male | Main manifestations | Ventricular function | Hemodynamics | Size (cm) | Location | Extension | Histological grade | Immunohistochemical markers |
| Yu, 2019 11 | Case series | 9 | 48.9 1 | 55.6% | Chest pain, vomiting, cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, pericardial/pleural effusions, and fatigue | NR | NR | 5.8 1 | RA: 100% | RV: 22.2% | NR | CD31 + , CD34 + , Fli-1 + , CD117 + , SMA-, Desmin-, S-100-, CKpan-, Ki-67 + |
| Zhang, 2019 8 | Cohort | 168 | 44.4 ± 15.5 1 | 56% | NR | NR | NR | > 5 cm: 37.5% | NR | Extension to nodes Localized: 19.6% Regional: 26.2% Distant: 51.8% |
I: 0.6% II: 3% III: 15.5% IV: 17.3% 4 |
NR |
| Leduc, 2017 19 | Case series | 10 | 47.8 ± 17.1 1 | 40% | NR | NR | NR | 6.4 ± 2.8 1 | RA: 70% | NR | NR | CD31 + , CD34 + |
| Kupsky, 2016 12 | Case series | 17 | 46 (range: 23-77) 2 | 35.3% | Dyspnea (59%), recurrent pericarditis/pericardial effusion (29%), pleuritic chest pain (24%), cardiac tamponade (18%), and chest pressure (12%) | Normal LVEF: 94% Normal RVEF: 88.2% |
Flow obstruction: 23.5% | 6.45 (4.4-8.1) 2,3 | RA: 76.47% | Pericardium: 71% | NR | NR |
| Look Hong, 2012 10 | Case series | 18 | 39 (range: 24-70) 2 | 78% | Pericardial effusion (56%), dyspnea (50%), chest pain (39%), syncope (28%), hemoptysis (17%), cardiac arrest (5%) | NR | NR | 5.9 1 | RA: 89% | Pericardium: 17% Atrioventricular groove: 17% |
I: 5% II: 22% III: 39% |
CD31 + , CD34 + |
| Ge, 2011 18 | Case series | 10 | 40 (range: 20- 61)1 | 60% | Dyspnea (80%), fatigue (20%), cough (20%), chest pain (10%) | NR | NR | 7.2 1 | RA: 100% | RCA: 70% RV: 60% |
II: 40% III: 60% |
CD31 + , CD34 + , Fli-1 + , WT-1 + , Ki 57, p53 |
Abbreviations: RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; RCA, right coronary artery; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; NR, not reported
1 Mean ± standard deviation
2 Median (range)
3 Calculated using Stata v14.
4 The rest were unknown